306 DISTRIBUTION AND ZTIOLOGY OF THE CRAYFISHES. 
is found, along with other blind animals, in the sub- 
terranean caves of Kentucky. 
All the crayfishes of the northern hemisphere belong 
to the Potamobiide, and no members of this family are 
known to exist south of the equator. The crayfishes of the 
southern hemisphere, in fact, all belong to the division of 
the Parastacide, and in respect of the number and variety 
of forms and the size which they reach, the head-quarters 
of the Parastacide is the continent of Australia. Some 
of the Australian crayfishes (fig. 76) attain a foot or 
more in length, and are as large as full-sized lobsters. 
The genus Eingeus of Tasmania comprises small cray- 
fish which, like some of the Cambari, live habitually on 
land, in burrows which they excavate in the soil. 
New Zealand has a peculiar genus of crayfishes, 
Paranephrops, a species of which is found in the Fiji 
Islands, but none are known to occur elsewhere in 
Polynesia. 
Two kinds of crayfish have been obtained in southern 
Brazil, and have been described by Dr. v. Martens,* as 
A. pilimanus and A. brasiliensis. I have shown that 
they belong to a peculiar genus, Parastacus. The former 
was procured at Porto Alegre, which is situated in 380° 
S. Latitude, close to the mouth of the Jacuhy, at the 
north end of the great Laguna do Patos, which communi- 
* Siidbrasilische Siiss- und Brackwasser Crustaceen, nach den Samm- 
lungen des Dr. Reinh. Hensel. Archiv. fiir Naturgeschichte, xxxv. 
1869. 
