é 
AREAS EXAMINED, 5 
farm may be described as a mixed hill farm with no natural first, 
nor even second class land. It is about 160 acres in extent, and 
svaries in altitude from 5ooft. to g4oft. Less than half the total 
area is cultivable. 
The soil is of three main types :— 
Type i.: Thin, rather light loam, sedentary on shale. Very 
,small areas of this type are found between sooft. and 6coft., 
and also between 6ooft. and 7ooft. while the greater part of the 
area between 7ooft. and gooft. is of this type. 
Type ii: Thin, slightly heavier loam on local drift. This 
Idcal drift consists chiefly of shale with some felsitd?/boulders. 
This soil is of a silty character, and is very liable to cake on the 
surface when rain follows immediately after thorough cultivation 
to a fine tilth. Most of the land regularly cultivated and the best 
permanent pasture fields are on this type. 
Type iii.: Thin, acid peat on felsite rock. Most of the land 
above 8ooft. is of this type. All this land is uncultivable, owing 
to the thin nature of the peat and the presence of felsite blocks. 
The character of the herbage on soil-types i. and ii. will be 
most clearly seen from the tables. ‘The most important arable 
land weeds on the farm are :— 
Agrostts spp. 
Chrysanthemum segetum (local), 
Galeopsis Tetvahit (local). 
Arrhenatherum elatius var. tuberosum (local). 
Polygonum Persicaria, 
Stellaria media, 
Cirsium arvense. 
Ranunculus repens. 
These chiefly occur on soil-type ii, The land on soil-type i. 
has been little cultivated, but on this Rumex Acetosella was a 
prominent weed in places. 
Soil-type iii, carries a distinct type of herbage which may be 
described as a Cal/una heath. Calluna vulgaris is dominant, but 
it is accompanied by Arica Tetvalix, Vaccinium Myrtillus, Festuca 
