4 PASTURE STUDIES: SOME RESULTS. 
ovina, Deschampsia flexuosa, eat 
Scirpus caespitosus, etc.t No quantitative examination of this 
heath herbage has been made. 
The cultivation of the land on the farm varies somewhat 
according to circumstances. As this seems to be important, full 
details will be given for each area examined. The main features 
are, that the length of the rotation is usually 10 to 15 years, and 
that the land is well cultivated and manured while under cultiva- 
tion, but that it very rarely happens that the entire area which is 
seeded down to pasture in any one year has been entirely under 
a cleaning crop? in the course of that rotation. 
The land is always seeded down to grass with a corn cover- 
ing crop, usually dredge-corn.3 Since the rotation is a somewhat 
irregular one, no land is laid down to grass in some years. 
The seeds-mixtures used on the farm have varied considerably 
in recent years, but formerly they were of a simple character. 
Fortunately, the species included in all seeds-mixtures used from 
1883 to 1917, with the exception of those used in 1901, 1902 and 
1903,+ are known. During this period 23 seeds-mixtures were 
used, and the various species and commercial varieties included 
are given in Table I. 
TaBLE I.: Showing the Years in which various “seeds ”5 were 
included in Seeds-mixtures on Budloy. 
1. Lolium perenne: All seeds-mixtures 1883-1917. 
2. “Broad Red Clover”®: All seeds-mixtures except in 
igi and 1912. 
3. Plantago lanceolata: 1884, 1887-91, 1898, 1902 (?), 
1905, ’06, ’o9, ‘12. 
4. Lolium italicum : 1891, ’97, 98, 1906-77. 
5. Trifolium hybridum : 1898 (2), 1905-17. 
' Calluna vulgaris is everywhere dominant in the older herbage, but the 
abundance of the other species varies in different places according to the slope, 
etc, After buming, Cad/na does not become dominant far a few years, 
? Potatoes, Mangels, Turnips, etc. 
3 A mixture of barley and oats. 
4 Some details are known for these years alsa 
5 The word ‘‘ seeds” is used throughout in the commercial or common sense, 
§ The Commercial names of the different varieties are given, 
