8 PASTURE STUDIES: SOME RESULTS. 
ashes and guano,? and to some extent with farmyard manure, but 
there is no evidence to show that it was limed. 
The conditions under which the area was then laid down to 
grass are not known, nor its treatment in the years immediately 
following. It is known, however, that in a few years it was again 
merged in the sheep walk of which it previously formed a part, 
and was allowed to revert to its natural herbage without any inter- 
ference. About 1898, however, it was given a light dressing of 
Basic Slag, which had very little apparent effect. By this time 
the herbage was of a grass-heath type, dotted with Ulex europaeus 
and a few Ulex Gallii bushes closely trimmed by sheep. Patches 
of Callina vulgaris also occurred on the thinnest soil. After 1898 
Lotus corniculatus colonies were fairly common, and some weak 
Trifolium repens plants were to be found. 
The area was ploughed in the winter of 1906-7 ; oats 1907; 
oats 1908; bastard fallow ; partly dredge-corn and partly rape 
1909 ; oats 1910; bastard fallow ; dredge-corn 1911, and seeded 
down to pasture; well manured with farmyard manure and 
phosphates, and to a slight extent with kainit and nitrate of soda 
while under cultivation; mown for hay 1912; subsequently 
grazed, chiefly by cattle up till 1918, when it was again thrown 
open to sheep and very heavily grazed. In 1918 it was also badly 
scorched in the drought of the early summer, as the soil is thin, 
on a strong slope with a southern aspect. A dressing of Basic 
Slag was applied in the spring of 1916. 
AREA 7. Part of the same field as Area 6, 
Altitude: 750 feet. 
Soil: Type i. (p. 3) 
History: As for Area 6 up till 1906 ; ploughed, winter 1907-8 
and put through exactly the same course of cultivation as Area 
6, with similar manuring ; laid down to grass 1912, but, as will be 
seen from Table IV., the seeds-mixture used differed widely from 
1 This fact is of considerable interest, as the first cargo of this manure only 
reached England in 1840 (5), and the farm is in a very inaccessible locality. 
