INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 27 
tion, but the areas are open to sheep in winter and early spring, 
so that they may be the distributing agents. 
As shown by Table IV., p. 16a, the grass was not recorded on 
Area 8, and it is absent from other land adjoining Areas 6 and 7, so 
that it may be assumed to be naturally exotic to these. Seed was 
sown on Area 6 at the rate of 1 lb per acre, and the results, as 
shown by Table IV., are remarkable. The grass decreased 
considerably from 44 years to 54 years, and again decreased some- 
what in the following year, but with the heavy grazing with sheep 
it again increased, so that even at 74 years it still had a P.c. fr. of 
32-0, and was the most prevalent grass. 
The effectiveness of the seeding on this area is strikingly 
shown by a comparison of the results with those for Area 7, where 
the grass was not sown. On the latter area the grass had a P.c. fr. 
of 1-3 at 54 years, but was not recorded at 64 years. How far 
the difference in the herbage of the two areas generally may be 
due to this factor alone, it is not possible to say, but since the soil 
and general treatment of the two areas were practically identical, 
the suggestion that this was the controlling factor is very strong. 
At least, it appears to be a very important factor, and the 
difference in the herbage of the two areas well illustrates the 
importance of a suitable seeds-mixture. It also shows how well a 
plant which may be exotic or at most only very weakly indigenous 
to land in its neglected state may flourish on such land when 
properly cultivated and manured. 
Anthoxanthum odoratum. 
This grass was not recorded by Armstrong on first-rate old 
pastures, on excellent recent pastures, nor on an exreme type of 
poor pasture, and only up to 3 per cent. of the total herbage on 
other pastures (I). 
On the best old pasture examined by the present writer it 
had a P.c. fr. of 4:5, and on the best pasture of all (at 18 years), 
37: 
It is undoubtedly indigenous to all the present areas, as even 
on Area 8 it formed o-5 per cent. of the herbage, 
