INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 49 
plant these conditions do not immediately produce the typical 
grass-heath. 
On Areas 6 and 7 the increase of the plant was much more 
rapid, but in this case again Area 7 was reverting to the grass- 
heath type much more rapidly than Area 6, 
Leontodon autumnats. 
This plant is obviously not a grass-heath plantas it was not 
recorded on Areas 7 and 8, and only in minute quantities on 
Area 6. 
It was of frequent occurrence on Areas 1-5, and on Area 4 
it reached a Sp. fr. of 65 at 134 years. On Areas 3 and 5 its 
increase was less rapid than on Area 2.t Qn the whole it would 
seem that the plant is capable of surviving a period of imperfect 
cultivation, and that under the conditions prevailing, its distribu- 
tion in the pasture extends with the age of the pasture. 
Senecio Jacobaea. 
The development of this plant in a pasture is usually inter- 
fered with by cutting, or sometimes by grazing with sheep. It 
never flourishes where sheep graze during the summer. 
It was of frequent occurrence on most of the present areas, 
but its development had in most cases been interfered with. On 
Area 5 for instance, it was not recorded, although it is known to 
" have been present in some quantity before the area was grazed 
with both cattle and sheep during the summer. Up till 1918 
Areas 6 and 7 were only grazed by sheep in the spring, so that 
the development of the plant had been little interfered with. The 
plant was recorded at each examination—reaching a Sp. fr. of 18 
at 54 years—on Area 6, but it was not recorded on Area 7, so that 
in respect of this plant again Area 7 was nearer the heath type 
than Area 6. 
Areas 2 and 3, since they were parts of the same field, were 
also subject to the same grazing conditions, but here the plant 
was obviously much more prevalent on Area 3 than on Area 2. 
1In the Sp. fr. of this area at 54 years the plant was confused with 
Taraxacum vulgare, so that the results are not given in Table V., p. 164, 
