52 PASTURE STUDIES: SOME RESULTS. 
recorded on Area 2 at $4 years (Sp. fr.=1). It had a high Sp. 
‘fr. on Area 8, but it was not recorded on Areas 6 and 7. 
Hieracium Pilosella was recorded on Areas 3, 6, 7 and 8, 
but on the former three areas in very small quantities. 
Euphrasia officinalis was only recorded on Areas 4 and 8, 
and it had a considerably higher Sp. fr. on the former than on the 
latter area, 
Thymus Serpyllum.—This grass-heath plant had a Sp. fr. 
of 55 and a P.c. fr, of 4-2 on Area 8, and minute quantities were 
found on Areas 6 and 7. 
Galium hercynicum is another typical grass-heath plant, and 
it was recolonising Area 7 at a more rapid rate than most of these 
plants, but it was recolonising Area 6 much more slowly. 
Calluna vulgaris had a fairly wide distribution on Area 8, 
although, as shown by the P.c. fr. results, it formed but a very 
small proportion of the total herbage. It was also recorded on 
Areas 6 and 7, but its Sp. fr. was small. 
The following species were also recorded, but in very small 
quantities :— 
Hypochoeris radicata (Areas 1, 2, 6, 7), Veronica serpyltifolia 
(Areas 2, 3, 5), V. Chamaedrys (Areas 1, 3, 5, 7), Centaurium 
umbellatum (Areas 1, 2), Ulex europaeus (Area 8), Vaccinium 
Myrtillus (Areas 6, 8), Afentha sp. (Areas 1, 2, 3), Pterts aguilina, 
Anagallis arvensis (Area 2), Hypericum humifusum (Areas 7, 8),7 
Cirsium arvense (Areas 1, 3,5, 7) 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 
The botanical composition of the herbage of pastures on two 
types of soil has been studied in considerable detail with respect 
to the history of the individual species by the Percentage 
Frequency and the Specific Frequency methods. Five areas 
1On Area 8, on the sites of burnt gorse bushes, 
