4 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 
learn, since its characteristics are well marked. We will suppose that 
you have before you a very common blue-flowered shrubby plant belong- 
ing to that order, a single flower of which is shown in Fig. 58. Knowing 
the order, you turn at once to p. 38, and begin to use the key to the 
genera. 
Carefully removing all the petals, the stamens and pistil appear as in a, Fig. 59. 
The filaments are united for the greater part of their length into a tube which incloses 
the ovary as a sheath does a knife. Of the three sections in the key, then, it is evident 
that the second isto be taken. Since some of the anthers have shed their pollen, and 
others have not, it is safe to say they are of two kinds—a bud will show the difference. 
better (b, Fig. 59.) Moreover the leaves are digitate, and have more than three leaflets 
We therefore conclude that the third genus is the one. Our plant is slightly shrubby, 
so we pass over the first heading in the synopsis of species. Of the second and third. 
headings the last seems the most likely to lead us aright. Our flower is blue, so we have. 
to choose between the second and third species. The words ‘‘Slightly woody at the- 
base,” decide us in favor of Lupinus Douglasii, though we should examine more speci-- 
mens before being quite positive. 
Fig. 60 represents a flower of a plant 
common in the Redwood forests. Three or 
more of the dull-colored flowers grow in an 
umbel on a very short scape between a pair of 
spreading radical leaves. Since the leaves have 
parallel veins, and the parts of the flower are 
in threes, we must use the Analytical Key 
for Endogens, p. 13. You will have no diffi- 
culty in referring the plant to the Orprr Laixta- 
cez. To make the analysis of a plant in that 60. Lenten rer eine. 
large order easy, the genera are grouped in the bursting anther cells. 
three Series. Reading the characteristics of Series I, we find they do 
not correspond with those of our plant, which has no floral bracts, which 
has the stamens hypogynous instead of perizynous, the anthers extrorse 
instead of introrse, etc. Comparing Series II with Series III, we decide 
that our plant belongs in the former, since the perianth is not persistent, 
and the flowers are not in racemes or panicles. §1, in Series Il is wrong, 
for our plant has no leafy stem. Since the perianth segments of our 
flower are dissimilar we try § 3, under which we refer our plant to the: 
