VIOLACEH. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 25 
Var. (?) strictum, Wat. Sepals green, persistent; fruiting racemes crowded cylin- 
dric-capitate, the pedicels crect, low and spreading. This plant seems to be a separate 
species, It has been found in San Francisco, by Afiss Annie Hughes. 
9. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook. 
Pod 1-celled, 1-seeded, plano-convex, mostly pendulous on slender pedicels. Flowers 
minute, white or rose-colored. 
1, T. curvipes, Hook. Six inches to two feet high; the upper leaves clasping by a 
broad auricled base; pods densely tomentose or smooth, 2 to 4 lines in diameter, the wing 
entire or crenate, veined and often perforate, emarginate at the top and tipped with the 
purple style. The perforate-wing form called Lace-pod. 
2, T. laciniatus, Nutt. Smaller and more slender; the cauline leaves scarcely 
auricled at the base; pods obovate, cuneate at the base, 2 to 3 lines long. 
Var. crenatus, Brewer. The broader wing deeply crenate or fringed. Fringe-pod. 
3, T. radians, Benth. Pods round, 4 to 5 lines in diameter, scarcely emarginate, 
with a broad entire translucent wing conspicuously marked by radiating nerves. 
4, T. pusillus, Hook. May be known by its minute pods hirsute with hooked haira, 
10. RAPHANUS, L. Ravise. 
Coarse introduced annuals. 
1. R. sativus, L., has a pointed 2-seeded pod. 
2. R. Raphanistrum, L., has a necklace-shaped pod, long beaked, 1-9-seeded. 
Orver 7. CISTACEZ. 
Flowers perfect and regular. Sepals 5, persistent; and two of them smaller, wholly 
exterior, and bract-like. Petals 5, usually ephemeral. Stamens indefinite, with filiform 
_ filaments; anthers short. Style one. Capsule 3-valved. 
1. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. 
Petals broad. Stamens numerous (about 20). Style short; stigma 3-lobed. Low 
branching herbs, or somewhat woody; flowers yellow, opening only once, in sunshine. 
1. H. scoparium, Nutt. Much branched, hairy or smooth, about a foot high; leaves 
narrow, 4 to 12 lines long, alternate; flowers on slender pedicels, one or several termin- 
ating the branches; petals 4 lines long. 
Orper 8. VIOLACEZ:. 
Herbs distinguished by the irregular one-spurred corolla of 5 petals, 5 stamens, adnate 
i=trose anthers conniving over the pistil, which has a club-shaped style with a one sided 
