€ 
26 VIOLACEH. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 
stigma, a one celled ovary, forming a capsule, which splits at maturity into three parts. 
Represented only by the familiar genus 
1. VIOLA, L 
Sepals unequal, auricled at the base. Petals unequal, lower one spurred. Anthers 
nearly sessile, often coherent, the connectives of the two lower bearing spurs which are 
inclosed by the spur of the petal. (See AppENDA.) 
* Leaves undivided. 
+ Flowers not yellow, or orange. 
1. V. canina, L., var, adunca, Gr. Flowers violet or purple. Low stems sending 
out runners; leaves ovate, often somewhat cordate at the base, obscurely crenate; stipules 
foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, lacerately toothed; spur as long as the sepals, curved; 
lateral petals bearded. 
Var. longipes, Wat. The obtuse spur straight. 
2. V¥ ocellata, Torr. & Gr. Stems nearly erect, 6 to 12 inches high; leaves cordate 
to cordate-ovate, acutish, conspicuously crenate; stipules small, scarious; upper petals 
white within, purple-brown without, the others pale-yellow veined with purple. 
++ Flowers yellow, tinged with purple. 
3. V. pedunculata, Torr. & Gr. Stems with a decumbent or procumbent base; 
leaves rombic-cordate, with truncate or abruptly cuneate base, obtuse, coarsely crenate; 
stipules foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, entire or gashed; showy flowers on peduncles 
exceeding the leaves; petals 6 to 9 lines long, the upper tinged with brown on the outside, 
the others veined with deep purple; lateral petals bearded; capsule smooth. 
4, V. aurea, Kellogg. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or sometimes truncate 
at base, obtuse, coarsely crenate; stipules foliaceous, lanceolate, laciniate; peduncle but 
little longer than the leaves; petals 4 to 6 lines long, as in the last, but lighter yellow; 
capsule pubescent. 
5. V. WNuttallii, Pursh. Leaves oblong-ovate to oblong, attenuate into a long 
petiole, entire, or obscurely sinuate; stipules entire; peduncles usually shorter than the 
leaves, ‘ 
+++ Flowers yellow. ; 
6. V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Leaves rounded-cordate, reniform, or sometimes ovate, 
finely crenate, usually punctate with dark dots. Flowers small. 
* * Leaves divided or lobed; flowers yellow, tinged with brown-purple. 
7. V. lobata, Benth. Distinguished by its stout stems and large palmately 5 to 
9-lobed leaves. Flowers large. 
8 V. chrysantha, Hook, Stems short; leaves bipinnatifid, with narrow seg- 
ments. Flowers large, like V. pedunculata, but the lateral petals are not bearded. 
