CABYOPHYLLACEA. (INK FAMILY ) 24 
Orver 9. POLYGALACEA. 
Herbs or shrubs, with simple entire exstipulate leaves, remarkable for the papilio- 
naceous-looking flowers. In our genus the ovary is 2-celled. 
1. POLYGALA, Tourn. 
Sepals 5, very unequal, the 2 lateral ones large and petal-like. Petals 3, united to 
each other and to the stamen-tube, the middle one hooded and often crested or beaked. 
Stamens 6 to 8, the filaments united below into a split sheath, adnate at the base to the 
petals, The 2-celled ovary forms a capsule flattened contrary to the partition, notched 
or retuse above. 
1. P. cucullata, Benth. Stems slender from a woody base, 2 to 8 inches high; leaves 
smooth, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptical, 4 to 1 inch long, short petioled; flowers 
rose-color; outer sepals 24 lines long, rounded-saccate at the base; the wings broadly 
spatulate, 4 to 6 lines long. 
2. P. Californica, Nutt. Stouter; flowers greenish white. 
Oxvrez 10. CARYOPHYLLACESA. 
Herbs with regular and mostly perfect flowers, persistent calyx, its parts and the petals 
4 or 5 and imbricated or the latter sometimes convolute in the bud, the distinct stamens 
commonly twice as many as the petals, ovary 1-celled with a free central placenta. Stems 
usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, often united at the base by a transverse 
line, in one group with interposed scarious stipules. Styles 2 to 5, mostly distinct. 
Fruit a capsule opening by valves, or by teeth at the summit, Flowers terminal, or in 
the forks, or in cymes. 
Many species in this order are difficult to determine. 
* Sepals united into a 4-5-toothed calyx. Petals long-clawed. 
Petals with bifid appendages. .....-...... se eee cere cece ene eecees Biss aresare Silene. 1 
; ** Sepals distinct; petals without claws. 
Petals bifid; capsule cylindric............. cob ayaa an saesue Biahivasaianecciaress .....Cerastium. 2 
Petals bifid capsule globose.........2.0-- ee eee sees cette rere eee e nonce Stellaria. 3 
Petals entire; capsule globose........ eee se erence cece eee eeeeeee ...-Arenaria. 4 
Stipules present; styles 5...........-..-- doinnqueanerdiperanatanare ciate aratere ....Spergula. 5 
Stipules present; styles 3.........0..0 sec e cece ete e et eee eee tere eens Lepigonum. 6 
1. SILENG, L. 
Calyx tubular, cylindrical to campanulate, 5-toothed, 10-nerved. Petals 5, with nar- 
