SCROPHULARIACEH. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 89 
most important American genera are Pentstemon, 75 species, found, with one exception, 
only in North America, and mostly within the limits of the United States between the 
Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada; Mimulus, represented in other countries, but 
most largely in North America, where there are 30 species, about two thirds of which 
grow in California, west of the Sierra Nevada, only 2 species reaching the Atlantic 
States; Orthocarpus, 24 species, all North American, except one, and west of the 
Mississippi, 16 belonging to California; Gerardia, 24 species, mostly in the Atlantic 
States, and none reaching the Rocky Mountains; Castilleia, 23 species, 2 Asiatic, 3 in the 
Atlantic States, and 8 or 9 in California; Pedicularis, a large genus, mostly in the arctic 
regions and on high mountains of the temperate zone, 28 American species; Collinsia, 15 
species, all Californian, except two, which grow in the Mississippi Valley. Several 
showy species of shrubby Veronicas are cultivated. This large genus, numbering 40 
species in New Zealand alone, is represented in the United States by only a few obscure 
herbs. Digitalis, commonly cultivated under the name of Foxglove, has run wild about 
Humboldt Bay and in the Willamette Valley. 
Many plants belonging to the genera Pentstemon, Collinsia, and Mimulus are culti- 
vated on account of their beautiful flowers. Pentstemons are mostly confined to hilly or 
mountainous districts. Collinsias grow everywhere. Most species of Mimulus prefer 
moist places, but the only shrubby species, VW. glutinosus, grows on dry, rocky hillsides. 
Two species of Verbascum (Mullein) are found in the State, but probably not within our limits; 7. 
Thapsus, L., with woolly decurrent leaves and V. virgatum, Withe., distinguished by nearly smooth not 
decurrent leaves and violet bearded filaments. 
* Leaves mostly alternate; corolla personate, 
Corolla spurred ab DASe «6 3g .o:5:0:5)sisc0'siciejeses vinrsieig'sisierbig sieieistersiainl deraiseinine Basie Linaria. 1 
Corolla gibbous at base.......- cs ceceecce ce cnercn once cccceneeenes Antirrhinum, 2 
* * Leaves opposite or whorled. 
Corolla erect, the anterior lobe reflexed, the other 4 erect, a scale in the throat on 
the upperiside.....diae'ssee'evesee od debe ceceseeseeeaecs eaess sens Scrophularia, 3 
Corolla declined, the middle lower lobe infolding the stamens and style...Collinsia. 4 
Carolla with a fifth sterile filament on the upper side.......... ...... Pentstemon. 5 
Stigma 2-lipped or disk-like ...... 2... scceee cece cece cece eect cnrecece Mimulus, 6 
** * Corolla rotate or short-campanulate. 
Calyx 5-toothed; corolla campanulate...........c.ceceeeeeececcenesees Limosella. 7 
Calyx 4-parted; corolla 4-lobed, rotate........cesscececcceccecccececes Veronica. 8 
**** Corolla tubular; the upper lip erect or incurved, laterally compressed, usually en- 
closing the ascending stamens. 
Corolla narrow with almost obsolete lower lip...........0.eeceeee seeeee Castilleia. 9 
Corolla with saccate lower lip of 3 lobes.............0--eeeeeeeee ...Orthocarpus. 10 
