e 
106 PIPERACER. (PEPPER FAMILY.) 
Oak, Wormseed, ete. Salicornia (Glasswort) grows in salt marshes, and may be known by its Acshy leaf. 
Jess jointed stems, with opposite branches. The garden Beet belongs to this order. 
Orpen 51. PIPHRACEAs. 
Herbs with jointed stems, alternate entire leaves and perfect flowers in spikes, en- 
tirely destitute of floral envelopes. 
1. ANEMOPSIS, Hook. 
Flowers in a simple conical spadix, which is surrounded by a 5-8-leaved persistent 
colored involucre, each flower subtended by a free colored bract. Stamens 6 to 8, free, 
growing upon the immersed ovary. 
1. A. Californica, Hook. Stem simple, erect, 3 to 15 inches high, with a single 
broad clasping leaf in the middle, and an axillary branchlet reduced to 1 or more petioled 
leaves; radical leaves oblong-oval, cordate at base, 2 to 6 inches long; involucre 1 to 14 
inches broad, white, becoming brown. Used medicinally by the Mexicans, who call it 
Yerba Mansa. 
APETALOUS TREES. 
The Order Betulaceze (BircH FamiLy) is represented in California by two Birches, 
which scarcely attain to the dignity of trees, and are confined to the high Sierras, and 
four Alders, two of which grow in the central part of the State, viz.: 
Alnus rubra, Bong. (Red Alder), and the more common 
Alnus rhombifolia, Nutt (White Alder), which may be distinguished by its thinner 
leaves, not rusty beneath, and more slender branches not so distinctly dotted with white. 
Myrica Californica, Cham. (Bayberry), representing the Order Myricacee grows in 
moist places, and may be known by its thick oblanceolate serrate evergreen leaves and 
dense clusters of small fruit, whitened by a coat of wax. 
Umbellularia Californica, Nutt (Order Lauracez), is the well-known Laurel. 
Platanus racemosa, Nutt, is the California Sycamore. 
» The Order Salicacez is represented by 4 or 5 Willows; large enough to be called 
trees, and 3 Poplars, viz.: 
Populus tremuloides, Michx. (Quaking Asp), a small tree, with whitish bark 
and round ovate leaves. In the high Sierra. The only Californian tree, except one or 
two willows, found east of the Rocky Mountains, 
P. trichacarpa, Torr. & Gr. (Cottonwood.) Petioles round; young bark brownish. 
P. Fremonti, Wat. (Fremont’s Cottonwood.) Petioles flattened; young bark yellowish. 
The Watnur Famity is represented by Juglans Californica, the California Black 
Walnut. 
Ten kinds of Oak Trees, and several shrubs of the same genus, with the chestnut-like 
Chinquapin, represent the Order Cupulifere, 
