‘10 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 
Species THat Occur IN THE Unrrep States ONLY’ as MicRANTS, BREEDING IN THE 
Far NortH AND WINTERING TO THE SouTHWARD.. 
Red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). ‘Hudsonian godwit. (Limosa heemastica). 
Northern phalarope: ee lobatus)... Buff-breasted sandpiper A yates sub- 
Stilt sand piper (Micropalama alll dat ruficollis). 
Knot (Tringa canutus). ‘| ‘Hudsonian curlew (Numenius hudeont- 
Pectoral sandpiper (Pisobia maculata). ‘_ cus). ° 
White-rumped sandpiper lai fusci-. Bets ino curlew (Numenius borealis). 
collis).. . ve Golden plover (Charadrius Cs iaibidia’ 
Baird sandpiper (Pisobia bairdi). | Surf hie (phriia wergaa) ; 
SUMMARY. 
Species that donot breed north of the. United States.........-..--ts5----+++- 7 
Species breeding i in the United States and Canada... 15 
Total species breeding in the United States. .... hesned “22 
Species breeding ie north of the United States... , 36 
Species breeding north of and wintering in the United States.............--- 15 
Species breeding or wintering in the United States: i. .2f).24....-2.22--2---- 37 
eae occuring in the United States as migrants only. ............--------- 1B. 
otal species occurring in. the ‘United: States. ~sccuscckneeceiceme ces oo 5 «sans 50 
Species occurring regularly in Arctic America, but not in the yaa States. . 8 
Total species occurring regularly in North. America north of Mexico. ........- 58 
European species straggling to Peenland janicvcrdr adv uawerineruemied nts os 5 
Eastern Hemisphere species straggling to North America.........-2--22222005 15 
Southern species not ranging north to the United States. ............... ee 7. 
Total species and subspecies in North America. . Bice HORRORS ser aeeea 85 
MIGRATION. 
The shorebirds as a group are among the most wide ranging of 
migrants. While a few, for example the jacanas, do not migrate at 
all, most shorebirds migrate more than a thousand miles each season, 
amd many lengthen their j journeys to 7,000 miles. The most wonder- 
ful feature of. their migration is the enormous distance covered in a 
single flight. As explained in the account of the golden plover, many 
flocks of plover fly without resting from Nova Scotia to northern 
South America, a distance of about 2,500 miles.. Many individuals 
of other species perform the same flight, notably the Eskimo curlew, 
while in the case of the Hudsonian godwit and the upland plover 
the principal place of departure in fall migration is the coast of the 
United States north of Virginia, and many of the flocks make stops 
in the Lesser Antilles on their way to South America. 
That the same route is employed by other species is shown by the 
large number of shorebirds annually visiting the Bermudas. These 
islands lie about 800 miles off the coast of South Carolina and are 
in a nearly direct line from southern Nova Scotia to the Lesser Antilles. 
Years ago, when shorebirds were far more numerous than now, many 
flocks stopped at the Bermudas in fall. migration. The most common 
species were the pectoral, white-rumped, least, and semipalmated 
sandpipers, the sanderling, greater yellow-legs, lesser yellow-legs, 
solitary sandpiper, spotted sandpiper, Hudsonian curlew, semipal- 
mated plover, turnstone, and Wilson snipe. All of these came in 
sufficient numbers to show that their visits were not accidental, and 
evidently they had merely paused a few days on their journey to the 
Lesser Antilles. The killdeer appeared regularly in November and 
