MIGRATION, 11 
remained: through ‘the winter, but since this species scarcely ‘goes 
north of New England, the individuals wintering on the Bermudas 
must have visited the islands for the purpose of remaining ‘there — 
through the cold season. Specimens of‘eleven other species of shore- 
birds have been taken in the Bermudas. They are less common vis- 
itors, and most of these individuals were probably o on their way across 
the ocean to the Lesser Antilles. 
This route, however, is not followed by these species in ee return’ 
in the spring, and there seems’ to’ be: no evidence as yet that any’ 
species of shorebird migrates regularly in the spring across the ocean 
from the Lesser Antilles to the coast of New England or to eastern 
Canada. Indeed, shorebirds migrating north in spring through Sh 
Lesser Antilles are almost unknown. 
Along the Atlantic coast shorebirds are many times more numerous 
in fall than in spring, while i in the Mississippi Valley there is no such 
pronounced difference of numbers at the two seasons. This fact, 
taken in connection with the rarity of all species of shorebirds during’ 
the spring migration in the West Indies, ‘where they are abundant : fall 
visitors, seems to indicate that in, the case ‘of most of the species of 
shorebirds that migrate south in fall along the Atlantic coast some 
individuals pass northward in spring by, way of the Mississippi Val- 
ley. The Eskimo curlew used to follow: this route, as still do. most 
of the golden plover. The, statement : applies also largely. to the 
long-billed dowitcher, stilt, white-rumped, and, semipalmated sand- 
pipers, and the lesser yellow-legs. This elliptical migration route 
is in the case of most species not less than 6,000 miles in its north and 
south diameter, nor less than 2,000 miles. east and west, while the . 
winter home of ‘the. white-rumped sandpiper is.9,000: niles trots its: 
breeding grounds.: .. Log a “D> 3 
The Hawaiian Islands lie in the Patitfio Ocean 2,000 miles from the ° 
nearest mainland to the eastward and more than 3,000 miles from the 
Asiatic coast. “The nearest point of Alaska is about 2,000 miles north. 
Five species of shorebirds that summer in Alaska are found in the 
Hawaiian Islands during the winter season. They are the turnstone, 
Pacific golden plover, sanderling, bristle-thighed curlew, and wander- 
ing tattler. There is every reason to believe that these Hawaiian 
birds come from Alaska and that they make the 2,000-mile trip at a 
single flight. All of these species occur farther south in Oceania, 
but there seems to be no evidence that any of them use the Hawaiian 
Islands as a stopping place on the way to a more southern home. Ap- 
parently all the birds that fly to the Hawaiian Islands remain there 
through the winter, while the southern islands of Oceania are popu- 
lated by individuals that have migrated along the Asiatic coast. 
It is remarkable that in the case: of both'the'turnstone and the 
plover the: first. individuals: to arrive on the Hawaiian ‘Islands in 
the fall are in good condition or even fat,'while the curlew and plover - 
