16 NORTH AMERICAN’ SHOREBIRDS. 
Fall migration.—The earliest fall birds are seen on the coast of 
California during July (Loomis) ; the larger flocks begin to appear late 
in August and pass: south for the next three montlis. The last seén 
at Point Barrow, in 1882, was on October 10 (Murdoch). The species 
was abundant off the coast of Massachusetts August 4, 1877\(Kum- 
lien); and has been’ noted on Long Island to the third wees of 
November (Braislin).: 
“Northern Phalarope. Lobipes | lobatus (Linn.). 
Breeding range. .—The northern phalarope breeds in the arctic 
region of both hemispheres, but does not go quite so far north as the 
last species. It ranges from the Chuckchi Peninsula of Siberia east- 
ward across the whole arctic coast of America to the eastern coast of 
Greenland. It breeds north to Upernivik, Greenland, 73° N. (Kum- 
lien); Melville Island, 74° NL (Walker) ; ; Point Barrow, “Alaska, 71° 
N. (Murdoch) ; and Wrangel Island, Siberia, 72° N. (Neélaon). The 
main breeding ground lies farther. south on the mainland of North 
America, especially i in northern Mackenzie and western Alaska. BG: 
breeds south to Ungava Bay, about 59° N. (Turner); near Rupert 
House, Ontario (Drexler) ; to near York Factory, Keewatin, 57°.N. 
(Preble) ; Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, 68° 35’ N. (MacFarlane) Pasto- 
lik, in the delta of the Yukon, Alaska, 63° N. (Dall and! Bannister) ; 
sad to Kiska Island, near the west end of the Aleutians, 52° N. (Dall). 
In the Eastern Heatephers it isan abundant breeder from the limit 
of tree growth to the Arctic coast, and in eastern Siberia occasionally 
south to latitude 55°. 
Winter range.—The winter home of the great flocks of ortho 
phalaropes that breed in arctic America i is unknown. The European 
and Siberian birds winter on the coast of Europe and south to Persia, 
India, China, and the Malay Archipelago. For the whole of the 
Atlantic coast of both North and South America there is not a single 
winter record. A solitary bird was noted at Tumbez, Peru, J anuary 
28 (Taczanowski) ; the species has been recorded from Chorillos, Peru, 
without date (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) ; and there is a. specimen 
known from Patagonia (Dabbene). This lack of winter land records 
suggests the possibility that both this species and the red phalarope 
spend the winter in midocean feeding and sleeping on the surface of 
the water. 
Migration range.—The northern phalarope comes south along the 
eastern coast of North America, and is seen commonly as far south 
as Nova Scotia. The flocks seem normally to strike south from 
Nova Scotia into midocean, but occasionally they are driven west- 
ward by storms and appear on the New England coast, sometimes 
by thousands. The birds are not rare south to Long Island, but 
farther south can be considered hardly more than stragglers, ‘though 
recorded to South Carolina (Loomis). 
