32 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 
Winter range.—The breeding knots of Siberia go south in winter 
to southern Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand; those from 
Arctic America winter in South America, south to Tierra del Fuego, 
where they were found to be common February, 1895. (Schalow). 
The species is recorded locally from the coasts of South America, but 
present data are not sufficient to define the northern limits. of the 
winter range. It is not probable that the knot winters regularly 
anywhere north of South America, and all records to the contrary, 
as the three seen in January, 1890, on Muskeget, Mass. (Mackay), 
must be considered as accidental. On Barbados the species has been 
noted as late as December 27, 1886 (Manning), but it is there con- 
sidered to be only a migrant. 
Migration range.—The principal migration route is along the Atlan- 
tic coast, where the knot is known locally from Florida to Newfound- 
land, and was formerly quite common. There are notable gaps in 
the records of this species. It is known locally as a tolerably com- 
mon migrant throughout the Mississippi Valley east of the ninety- 
eighth meridian, but apparently these Mississippi Valley birds pass ' 
north and a little east to Hudson Bay and thence to the Arctic’ 
islands, for the species is unrecorded in the whole interior of Canada 
west of Hudson Bay, and has not been found even on the Arctic 
coast of Mackenzie. Southward there is another break in the rec- 
ords, for the specimen taken April 13, 1904, at Rivera, Veracruz 
(Piper), seems to be the first and only record for Mexico, and there 
is none for Central America, though the species is moderately com- 
mon in Texas south to Corpus Christi (Sennett). A few individuals. 
of this species have been seen in migration on the Pacific coast from 
San Diego, Calif. (Dwight), to Cape Blossom, Alaska (Grinnell). 
Spring migration.—The knot arrives on the United States coast; in 
April, but the larger flocks come about the middle of May, and there 
is no apparent difference in the dates for the whole coast from Florida: 
to Massachusetts. An early date is March 28, at Grand Isle, Louisi- 
ana (Beyer, Allison, and Kopman). Near the northern limit of the. 
range some dates of arrival are: Point Barrow, latitude 71° 20’ N.,: 
May 30, 1883 (Murdoch); Fort Conger, latitude 81° 40’ N., June 3, 
1883 (Greely); Floeberg Beach, latitude 82° 30’ N., June 5, 1876 
(Feilden), while far to the southward at Winter Island, latitude 66° 
N., the first was not noted until June 16, 1822 (Parry), and the next 
year at Igloolik, a few miles farther north, not until June 14 (Parry). 
Fall migration.—Birds from the north arrive on the coast of Mas-, 
sachusetts, on Long Island, and in some seasons, even on the coast 
of South Carolina (Wayne), by the middle of July; the first was seen’ 
at the Olympiades, Wash., July 7, 1905 (Dawson). It seems scarcely 
possible that these early arrivals can have bred the same year, for 
earliest dates of young are in July and that at places 2,000 miles or 
