36 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 
Aleutians (Bishop), but the species is nowhere common on the Pacific 
coast south of Alaska, showing that most of the Alaskan and Siberian 
birds cross the Rocky Mountains and migrate southeastward to the 
winter home. Still some pass south along the Pacific coast to Wash- 
ington (Bowles); Mill Valley Junction, Calif., September 14, 1896 
(Mailliard); Farallon Islands, September 4, 1884 (specimen in United 
States National Museum); several at Santa ‘Barbara, Calif. , September 
8420 (Bowles); and the species. is fairly common during fall migra- 
tion in the Cape Region of Lower California (Brewster). 
The species is well known as a migrant on the west coast of Green- 
land as far north as Upernivik, latitude 73° (Winge). Itisa common 
migrant throughout the whole, of North. America east of the Rocky 
Mountains, and of the West Indies and Central America. It is 
strangely rare in the northern part of South America, where it seems 
to be unrecorded in Venezuela and Guiana, and to have been recorded 
only once from Colombia (Allen). It is common in migration in 
Ecuador and Brazil. 
_ Spring migration. —The start from the South American winter home 
must be very early—February, or more likely January—for the aver- 
age date of arrival at Raleigh, N: C., is March 23; earliest March 21, 
1889 (Brimley). Raleigh is full 2,000 miles from the nearest boundary 
of the winter range, and probably these birds had already traveled over 
3,000 miles when they appeared at Raleigh. Some other spring 
dates are: Beaver, Pa., average April 4, earliest April 1, 1890 (Todd); 
Erie, Pa., March 23, 1895 (Todd); New Orleans, La., March: 7, 1896 
(Allison); Hidalgo, Tex., March 16, 1890 (Sennett) ; St. Louis, Mo., 
March 17, 1884 (Widmann); Ciicags, Tll., average of seven years, 
March 31, earliest March 27, 1897 (Blackwelder): Terre Haute, Ind., 
average “March 26, ‘earliest March 17, 1887 (Evermann); Ottawa, 
Ontario, average April 30, earliest April 27, 1894 (White); Keokuk, 
Iowa, average April 1, earliest March 17, 1893 (Currier); Fort Reso- 
lution, Mackenzie, May 19, 1860 (Kennicott) ; Fort Providence, 
Mackenzie, May 14, 1905 (specimens in collection Biological Survey); 
Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, May 16, 1904 (Preble); Dawson, Yukon, 
May 19, 1899 (Cantwell); St. Michael, Alaska, May 24, 1879 (Velzon)- 
Kowak River, Alaska, May 27, 1899 (Grinnell) ; "Point Barrow, 
Alaska, May 30, 1883 (Murdoch), and May 30, 1898 (Stone). Eggs 
were secured at Cape Lisburne, Alaska, June 5, 1885 (Woolfe), and at 
Point Barrow,.June 20-July 10, 1883 (Murdoch). 
Fall migration —In common with many other shorebirds, the 
pectoral sandpiper begins its fall migrations in July; indeed, it is 
probable that some start southward in June, for the average date 
of arrival on the coast of Mississippi is July 19, earliest July 15, 
1903 (Allison); and at New Orleans, La., earliest July 17, 1895 
(Blakemore). These birds were already more than 2,000 miles 
