KILLDEER. 85 
St. Lawrence and out to sea. On the return up the Mississippi 
Valley also they were abundant. For the ten years 1895-1904 
the numbers reported have been so small that the species seemed in 
imminent danger of extinction. During 1905 and 1906, however, 
the species was reported from quite a number of localities, indicating 
that at present the comparatively small number of individuals left 
are holding their own. The future of the American golden plover is 
in the hands of the sportsmen of the Mississippi Valley. During the 
breeding season the birds are out of reach of danger from mankind; 
through the winter their welfare is out of the control of the people of 
the United States; but in spring during their two thousand mile 
journey up the Mississippi Valley, for from six to eight weeks, great 
numbers are slaughtered, and as a result they have diminished to a 
small fraction of their former numbers. If the species is to hold its 
own spring shooting in the Mississippi Valley must be largely cur- 
tailed or entirely abolished. . 
Pacific Golden Plover. Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gmel. 
The principal summer home of the Pacific golden plover is in Asia, 
where it breeds in northern Siberia east of the Yenisei River; it 
breeds also on the western coast of Alaska from near Bering Strait 
south to Bristol Bay. It winters on the Hawaiian Islands and in 
China and India and south to New Zealand and Australia. Early 
dates of arrival in Alaska are at Portage Bay, May 13, 1882 (Hart- 
laub); Kadiak Island, May 13, 1868 (Bischoff); Atka Island, May 
17, 1879 (Turner). The usual time of arrival at the mouth of the 
Yukon is about ‘the first of June, ‘and the latest date in the fall is 
October 12 (Nelson). 
Killdeer. Ozyechus vociferus (Linn.). 
Breeding range—tThe killdeer has one of the most extensive 
breeding ranges of the American shorebirds, It ranges north in 
summer to central Quebec (Merriam), northern Ontario (Todd), cen- 
tral Keewatin (Preble), southern Mackenzie (Preble), and to about 
latitude 53° in the interior of British Columbia. The killdeer was 
seen at Fort Churchill, Keewatin, and at Fort Resolution, Mackenzie, 
by parties of the Biological Survey, and these observations very 
materially extend its previously known northern range. The 
breeding range of the killdeer extends much farther south than that 
of other northern breeding shorebirds. The species breeds not only 
throughout the whole of the United States, but.south to Cape St. 
Lucas, Lower California (Xantus), and to Rio Sestin, Durango 
(Miller). Killdeers occur in Newfoundland in the fall (Reeks), but 
are not known to breed on that island. . 
Winter range.—The winter range is much less extensive than the 
summer. Though there are records of the presence of the species in 
