98 NORTH AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS. 
The migrant birds. remain in numbers far south of the breeding 
grounds until early June: Jamaica, June 12, 1863 (Field); Arcos 
Keys, Yucatan, June 6, 1900 (Nelson and, Goldman); Key. West, 
Fla,, June 14, 1888 (Scott); Long Island, New York, average June 
4, latest Tang 9, 1905 (Latham); Toronto, Ontario, June 17, 1894 
(Fleming). 
Fall migration.—The southward fiSgakiaat must begin in July, for, 
by early August migrants have appeared over much of the coasts of 
the United States. Some dates of fall arrival are: Monomoy Island, 
Massachusetts, July 27, 1886 (Cahoon) ; Long Island, New York, average 
August 5, earliest July 27, 1892 (Scott); Monterey, Calif. July 18, 1892 
(Loomis); Fort Churchill, Keewatin, July 30, 1900 (Preble): com- 
mon at Corpus Christi, Tes, after July 1, 1887 (Sennett); Toronto, 
Ontario, July 30, 1898 (Nash); Henley Harbor, Ungava, August 20, 
1860 (Coues); Mingan Island, Gulf of St. ligwnencs, Manict 16, 1887 
(Palmer); Montreal, Canada, August 17, 1891 (Wintle); Erie, Pa., 
August 24, 1889 (Sennett); Punta Rassa, Fla., August 2, 1886 
(Scott) ; San Mateo, Tehuantepec, August 9, 1869 Gumichrast): 
Jamaica, August 13, 1863 (March); Bermudas, August 3, 1874 (Reid); 
Talcahuano, Chile, September 9, 1879 (Sharpe). Dates of the last 
seen are: York Factory, August 26, 1900 (Preble); eastern Massa- 
chusetts, October 9, 1889 (Miller); Erie, Pa., September 25, 1900 
(Todd); Long Island, New York, September 20, 1889 Seott), acci- 
dental November 24, 1887 (Scott). 
Black Turnstone. <Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.). 
Breeding range.—The black turnstone breeds commonly on the 
coast of Alaska near the mouth of the Yukon (Nelson) and up the 
Yukon as far as Nulato (Dall and Bannister). It breeds less com- 
monly north to Kotzebue Sound (Townsend) and south to Nushagak 
(McKay). It has been seen on the eastern side of Bering Strait 
nearly to Point Barrow, Alaska (Nelson), and on the western side to 
Herald Island (Nelson), off the northern coast of Siberia, but it is not 
yet known to breed in either of these localities. 
Winter range.—The greater number winter on the coast of Lower 
California, south to Magdalena Bay (Anthony). The species is not 
rare in winter on the California coast as far north as San Francisco 
(Mailliard), and a few have been known to winter at the Strait of 
Juan de Fuca (Suckley). It may winter occasionally even in south- 
eastern Alaska, for the Nationat Museum has a specimen collected 
February 2, 1897, at Howkan Island, Alaska (Cantwell). 
Spring migration: —The speciés arrived at St. Michael, Alaska, 
about the middle of May (Nelson) and at Nulato, Alaska, May 16, 
1867, and May 23, 1868 (Dall and Bannister), 
Fall migration. -_The black turnstone occurs. on the: Pacific, coast 
from British Columbia (Kermode) to southern California throughout 
