THE SHORTHORN 177 



in Durham, while Robert, born in 1749, Uved at Barmpton, not 

 far from Charles. They sought to make better feeders, have their 

 cattle mature early, dress out with less offal, and have more con- 

 stitution than the old sort. They gathered about them two very 

 famous herds, which had a great influence in uplifting the breed. 



Fig. 66. A rear view of the house and part of the stable at Kirklevington, near 

 Yarm, England, the residence of Thomas Bates. Photograph by the author 



The herd of Charles, comprising 47 animals, was sold at auction 

 in 18 10 for an average of about $750 a head. The herd of 

 Robert was sold in two parts, 61 animals in 18 18 averaging 

 about $6i,o, and 46 animals in 1820 averaging about $250 each. 

 So great a work did the Colhng brothers do that they have 

 often been referred to as the founders of the Shorthorn breed. 

 Robert died a bachelor, in 1820, and Charles died in 1836, 

 leaving a widow but no children. The Colling brothers founded 

 the Phoenix, Wildair, Princess, Red Rose, Bright Eyes, Daisy, 

 and some other tribes. 



Thomas Bates was born in Northumberland in 1775 and died 

 at his Kirklevington estate, near Yarm, in Yorkshire, in 1849. 

 He early became acquainted with the prominent breeders of his 

 time, notably the Colling brothers, and began the systematic 

 development of a class of cattle having superior dairy as well as 

 beef qualities. He was a very careful investigator, keeping de- 

 tailed records of the relationship of food consumed to beef and 

 milk production. His cattle had much quality, were rather large 

 for the breed, possessed great dairy capacity, but were somewhat 



