194 CATTLE 



paid for either cow or bull, while i8 other animals ranged from 

 i^SOOo up to $35,000 each, the latter being the price paid for 

 Tenth Duchess of Geneva. The bull Second Duke of Oneida 

 brought ^12,000. In 1869 Daniel McMillan sold at Xenia, 

 Ohio, at auction 71 head which averaged $864.61 each, while 

 in 1874 Colonel W. S. King of Minnesota sold in Chicago 

 79 head at an average of $1628 each, the bull Second Duke of 

 Hillhurst selling at $14,000. Between 1870 and 1880 there 

 were sold 26,151 Shorthorns at auction in the United States at 

 an average price of $294 per head. Between 1891 and 1900 

 inclusive the Kansas Board of Agriculture reports 15,741 head 

 sold at auction at an average price of $138.41. One of the most 

 important high-priced sales of recent years was the dispersal 

 sale of the Uppermill Herd of W. S. Marr in Scotland in 1904, 

 when 113 animals brought about $780 each, the bull Bapton 

 Favorite heading the list at ;£i200, or $6000. At this same 

 time William Duthie of Collynie, Tarves, near by, sold 18 bull 

 calves at an average of about $1130 each. 



The geographical distribution of the Shorthorn is most wide- 

 spread, no other breed equaling it in this respect. It is so well 

 suited to a wide range of conditions, and has been so extensively 

 distributed, that it has been termed "the universal intruder." 

 It is generally found in North America ; in South America, more 

 particularly in Argentina ; in Europe, being the most promi- 

 nent breed on the British Isles, although bred to some extent on 

 the Continent ; in Australasia, where it has long met with favor ; 

 and to some extent in South Africa and Asia. In the United 

 States the Shorthorn is the most popular breed of cattle, as 

 attendance at the great shows, especially ini,tl^ states of the 

 Mississippi Valley north of the Ohio, will demonstrate. The evi- 

 dence of its wide distribution speaks for the adaptability of the 

 breed. However, on the western range, under severe winter 

 conditions, and where " roughing it " is required, the Shorthorn 

 will not thrive quite equal to the Hereford or Galloway. 



Organizations for the promotion of Shorthorn cattle precede 

 all other breeding associations. The first live-stock registry was 

 the Shorthorn herdbook, published by George Coates of York- 

 shire, England, in 1 822. This forms the foundation of the English 



