328 CAITLE 



rather heavy, and combining as it does a sizable horn and a full- 

 ness of the neck quite unknown with British breeds, impresses 

 one as somewhat coarse. The neck is large and heavy in both 

 sexes at all ages, the skin about the throatlatch and along the 

 dewlap being strikingly abundant. The breast is broad and deep, 

 and the shoulders rather heavy and prominent, not being set in 

 deep. The body shows a great deal of feeding capacity with plenty 

 of depth, but the back is frequently slack in front, and the fore 

 ribs have scarcely enough spring for best conformation. The Iiiiid 

 quarter is long, level, and broad at the rump, the thighs and 

 twist incline to be distinctly beefy, and the legs are short and 

 strong. The cows have large udders, frequently long, wide, 

 and deep, with well-placed teats of convenient size. The milk 

 veins and wells average medium in size, comparing fairly with 

 dairy breeds. The quality, from the standpoint of an American, 

 averages rather below medium, as is very commonly seen in the 

 thick, none too elastic, deep yellow skin, rather coarse hair, large 

 joints, and heavy head, neck, and fore quarters. In temperament 

 cattle of this breed are very superior, being quiet and docile 

 to the most satisfactory degree. 



The size of Brown Swiss cattle is somewhat variable, accord- 

 ing to American consuls in Switzerland, being smaller in the 

 high Alpine districts than in the lower regions. A standard 

 weight of cow, however, is given at from 1300 to 1400 pounds 

 at maturity. The males may weigh over 2000 pounds, although 

 1500 to 1800 pounds represent standard weights. It is thought 

 by some that the males more nearly approach the females in 

 weight than in most breeds. 



The dairy qualities of the Brown Swiss appeal particularly to 

 the people of Switzerland, for this is the leading milk-producing 

 breed of the country. Numerous records of Swiss dairies show 

 large capacity on the part of the Brown Swiss cow. Mr. F. H. 

 Mason, as United States consul in Switzerland, reports that at 

 Cham the 6000 cows supplying the Anglo-Swiss Condensed 

 Milk Company yielded 5315 pounds each. These cows were 

 milked for an average of about nine months, and were fed only 

 grass and hay. Consul Beauchamp of St. Galle reports visiting 

 one of the largest herds of pure-breds in Switzerland, that of 



