220 baoteetology: 



before using. On the outer side of the stopper these 

 two tubes are bent at right angles to the long axis of 

 the test-tube into which they are to be placed, and both 

 are slightly drawn out in a gas-flame. Both of these 

 tubes must be provided, before sterilization, with a 

 plug of cotton ; this is to prevent the access of foreign 

 organisms to the medium during manipulations. At 

 the inner side of the rubber stopper — that is, the end 

 which is to be inserted into the test-tube — the glass 

 tubes are of different lengths : one reaches to within 

 0.5 cm. of the bottom of the test-tube, the other is cut 

 off flush with the under surface of the stopper. The 

 outer end of the longer glass tube is then connected 

 with a hydrogen generator and hydrogen is allowed 

 to bubble through the gelatin (Fig. 42, a) in the tube 

 until all contained air has been expelled and its place 

 taken by the hydrogen.' When the hydrogen has been 



1 Before beginning the experiment it is always wise to test the hydro- 

 gen — i. e., to see that it is free from oxygen and that there is no danger 

 of an explosion, for unless this be done the entire apparatus may be 

 blown to pieces and a serious accident occur. The agents used should 

 be pure zinc and pure sulphuric acid of about 25 to 30 per cent, 

 strength. With the primary evolution of the gas the outlet of the 

 generator should be closed and kept closed until the gas reservoir is 

 quite filled with hydrogen. The outlet should then be opened and the 

 entire volume of gas allowed to escape, care being taken that no flame 

 is in the neighborhood. This should be repeated, after which a sample 

 of the hydrogen generated should be collected in an inverted test-tube 

 in the ordinary way for collecting gases over water, viz., by filling a 

 test-tube with water, closing its mouth with the thumb, inverting it, 

 and placing its mouth under water, when, after removing the thumb, 

 the water will be kept in it by atmospheric pressure. The hydrogen 

 which is flowing from the open generator may be conducted to the test- 

 tube by rubber tubing. When the water has been replaced test the gas 

 by holding a flame near the open month of the test-tube. If no explo- 

 sion occurs, the hydrogen is safe to use. Should there be an explosion, 

 the generation of hydrogen must be continued in the apparatus until 

 it bums with a colorless flame when tested in a test-tube. 



