CHAPTER IV. 
THE CROWS AND THEIR RELATIONS. 
O a superficial observer of nature, there may appear 
to be a much greater resemblance between the Raven, 
the Crow, the Rook, and the Jackdaw, than we find to be 
actually the case. At the same time, so different to them 
in outward appearance are the Jay and Magpie, that it 
may appear extraordinary to class them all together. 
Nevertheless, while each, of course, has its distinguishing 
characters, all are included in the first section of the 
family of crows. 
The Raven (Corvus corax), from his size and character, 
naturally takes the lead. Go where we will over the face of 
the wide world, the well-known hoarse croak of the raven is 
still to be heard. He was seen perched on the bare rocks, 
looking over the dreary snows of the highest points visited 
in the Arctic Expeditions. Under the burning sun of 
the equator he enjoys his feast of carrion. He was dis- 
covered in the islands of the Pacific Ocean by Captain 
