212 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



Dr. Fitch himself describes the mother-lice of carycsvenmas laying 

 eggs, and the same remark applies to those of Carym semen; 

 whereas all true gall-making Aphidians that are known to me are 

 viviparous so long as they live in the gall. Moreover, all gall- 

 making Aphidians that are known to me remain in the gall till 

 they have reached maturity and most of them acquired wings ; 

 whereas in these two galls the young larvae, almost as soon as. they 

 have hatched out, stray away to found new galls, leaving the 

 mother-lice behind them to lay from time to time fresh eggs." 



With our present knowledge of the Phylloxerinse we know that 

 Walsh erred in forming' this' opinion. The tarsi of both species 

 mentioned are (like those of all other known species of Phyllox- 

 era) plainly 2-jointed, he having simply overlooked the small 

 basal joint ; while the economy of the species producing winged 

 females shows that they all originate from eggs, numerously 

 deposited by the stem-mother on the walls of the gall. Main- 

 taining this erroneous position regarding the Coccidous character 

 of c. -semen, he refers it later (First Ann. Rep. Nox. Ins. of Ills., 

 p. 23) to Shimer's genus Dactylosphoera, to include all those spe- 

 cies which produce, or are supposed to produce, nothing but 

 apterous individuals and proposed for all others, producing a 

 winged generation, the name of Xerophylla (Proc. Fnt. Soc. Phil., 

 VI., p. 283, and ist Rep. Nox. Ins. of Ills., p. 23). In the latter 

 publication, after much discussion, he gives a short description of 

 the gall and its architects on page 23, as follows : 



"Gall Carya-semen , n. sp. made by Dactylosphoera caryce-semen , 

 new species. On the general surface of the leaflets of the Pig- 

 nut Hickory {Gary a glabra) in prodigious abundance, a sub- 

 globular, smooth, seed-like, hollow, sessile gall, 0.06-0.10 inch 

 in its widest diameter, subhemispherical above, rather flatter 

 below, with a nipple-like opening in the middle. Walls of the 

 gall rather stout, fleshy and not woody. The external color is 

 greenish-yellow above and pale green below, with the open central 

 nipple whitish. There are frequently as many as 100 of these 

 galls on a single leaflet. Inside may often be found as many as 

 three or four mother bark-lice, similarly shaped and of the same 

 yellow color as those of the viti folia gall, but on the average rather 

 smaller and accompanied, in the same manner, by eggs or very 



