258 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCKS. 



Phylloxera ? castanea Fitch. Third Rep. Nox. and Ben. Ins. of 

 N. Y., 200, p. 154, 1859. 



Haldeman's original description is as follows: 



" Chermes castanea. — YW-vaws, thorax, pectus, and eyes black; wings 

 translucent, inner half of the stigma scarcely discolored; ist and 3rd 

 transverse nervure normal ; 2nd arising from the middle of the ist and 

 terminating in the normal position ; posterior wings without nervures ; feet 

 and antennas pale fuscous. The wingless individuals are entirely flavous, 

 with the eyes rufous. Inhabits both sides of the leaf of the chestnut, 

 forming lises along the midrib, and causing the leaf to curl. Pennsyl- 

 vania in August and September." 



Since the discovery of this species by Haldeman, in 1850, all 

 trace of it appears to have been lost, at least so far as published 

 records indicate. In July, 1883, I found it in large numbers on 

 terminal, or younger leaves of a low shrub of Castanea vesca near 

 lyaurel, Md., on which it produced a distorted, twisted and sickly 

 appearance of the leaves, the insects being closely crowded along 

 the midrib on the under side of the leaves in different stages of 

 development, including the winged sexuparse. 



Among the pupae of this species were observed two quite dis- 

 tinct forms, one of them resembling somewhat those of Ph. rileyi, 

 , for which they might readily be mistaken, though the antennal 

 differences of the winged females are pronounced. In Ph. rileyi 

 these organs have a prominent constriction or indentation near 

 the base of the third joint, similar to that of many of the Hickory 

 species, whereas in Ph. castanecB this joint is of almost uniform 

 diameter throughout, without a constriction. 



The principal differences between these two forms of pupse will 

 be observed in the tubercles. In one form, even in the smallest 

 specimens, these tubercles are extremely long and slender, espe- 

 cially those surrounding the entire body, while in the other form 

 all tubercles are much reduced in size, and almost obsolete, in 

 some specimens, on the abdomen. 



That one of the forms of this species here treated of is identi- 

 cal with the one described by Haldeman there can be scarcely 

 any doubt whatever, notwithstanding his statement that the pos- 

 terior wings are without a nervure. He simply refers to the 

 discoidal veins, which are always wanting in the genus, though 

 there is a distinct subcostal vein which he overlooked. 



