IV PREFACE. 



The illustrations drawn from nature, or redrawn expressly 

 for this book, are mostly by Orville P. Williams or Francis 

 M. West, recent graduates of the English High School. The 

 woodcut of Monotropa is from a photograph kindly loaned 

 for the purpose by its maker, Eev. E. S. Morison. Large 

 numbers of ilhistrations have been reproduced from the fol- 

 lowing works, which are named in about the order of the 

 extent to which they have been drawn upon : 



Le Maout and Decaisne's Traite General de Boianique. 



Thomd's Structural and Physiological Botany. 



Tschirch's Angewandte Pflanzenanatomie. 



Strasburger, Noll, Schenk, and Schimper's Lehrbuch der Botanik. 



Kerner's Pflanzenleben. 



Figuier's Vegetable World. 



Behrens's Text-book of General Botany. 



Sachs's Text-book of Botany. 



The author is to a less extent indebted for cuts to the works 

 of Brown, Carpenter, Darwin, Lindley, Lubbock, Potonie, 

 Strasburger, Hartig, Host, Kny, Detmer, Martius, Baillon, 

 and others. 



Por most of the subject-matter of this book^ — -though not 

 for the order and mode of treatment — the writer is of course 

 indebted to a multitude of sources, only a very few of which 

 are indicated in the subjoined bibliography. Personal assist- 

 ance has been freely rendered him by Prof. George L. Goodale, 

 Dr. Benjamin L. Eobinson, Curator of the Gray Herbarium, 

 and Mr. A. B. Seymour of the Cryptogamic Herbarium of 

 Harvard University. Prof. George J. Pierce of Indiana 

 State University has given valuable aid in regard to some 

 physiological questions. Prof. William P. Ganong of Smith 

 College has done so much for the book that if it should 

 prove useful its value will be largely due -to his suggestive 

 criticisms. Thanks are due for the careful proof-reading of 



