28 28 MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY 



p.m. 



pk ph. 



sup 



Fig. io. — The skeleton of a frog, seen from above. 



«., Astragalus ; dr., bristle passed into opening for last spinal nerve ; car^ 

 carpal or wrist bones; cl., clavicle; cm., calcaneum; cor., coracoid ; 

 cr., calcar ; d., deltoid ridge; e.n., external narial opening; ex., ex- 

 occipital; fe., femur; f.p., fronto-parietal; h % , /*'., heads of humerus 

 and femur ; hu., humerus ; //., ilium ; is., ischium ; m., maxilla ; ■m.c, 

 metacarpals; int., metatarsals J »., nasal bone ; ol., olecranon process; 

 ph., phalanges ; j>.m., premasoilla ; pro.) prootic ; pi., pterygoid ; g.j. % 

 quadratojugal ; r.«., radioulna ; sp., sphenethmoid ; s.o., squamosal; 

 sup., suprascapula ; t., distal tarsals; if,, tibiofibula; «., urostyle; 

 v.i, first or atlas vertebra ; v.g, ninth or sacral vertebra. 



The dotted regions consist of cartilage. The cartilage at the ends of the 

 limb bones is the " articular " cartilage which caps the enlarged ends of 

 the bones. 



