APPENDIX 557 



submaxillaris muscles ; xiphisternum ; anterior abdominal 

 and cutaneous veins ; hypoglossal nerves (Fig. 21). 

 Cut through the muscles of the ventral body-wall, and 

 through the pectoral girdle, on one side of the middle line. 

 Ligature doubly the anterior abdominal vein near the liver ; 

 cut between the ligatures ; carefully cut through the muscles 

 which still hold down the pectoral girdle ; turn back the 

 body-wall, and pin it. Arrange the viscera for drawing to 

 show as much as possible, noting : heart ; lungs, liver, 

 gall bladder, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and 



Fig. 399. — The mouth of a frog. 



Protuberance caused by eyeball; eu., Eustachian tube; gU. t glottis; 

 z'.w., internal narial opening; m.t., maxillary teeth; md., lower jaw ; 

 t. t tongue ; v.t. t vomerine teeth. 



ileum), rectum, bladder, pancreas, hepato-pancreatic duct ; 

 spleen ; ovaries or testes, fat bodies, and, in female, 

 oviducts (Fig. 25). 

 50. Remove the alimentary canal by cutting through the 

 oesophagus, mesentery, and rectum. Cut open the intestine, 

 wash, and note folds of wall. 

 b. In the abdominal cavity, note : fat bodies, testes or ovaries, 

 kidneys ; kidney ducts ; in male, vesiculse seminales and 

 vasa efferentia ; cloaca, bladder ; and the following veins — 

 femoral (traced backwards for a short distance by carefully 

 snipping through connective tissue and parting muscles at 

 back of thigh), renal-portal, sciatic, pelvic, vesical, and 

 anterior abdominal (cut) (Figs. 33, 35, 400). 



