578 



APPENDIX 



Lizards are found in various parts of England, but it will usually be 

 most convenient to obtain specimens from a dealer. 

 The Lizard. I. The animal should be kept under observation 



alive. 

 2. Note : head, neck, trunk, tail, limbs, mouth, nostril, 

 eye, with three lids ; shallow depression for ear ; vent ; 

 scales (Fig. 281 A). 

 30. Hand and foot. Count the digits. 

 6. Open the mouth. Note teeth, tongue, glottis, nares. 



Fig. 412. — The right half of the pectoral girdle and right pectoral 

 fin of a cod. — From Reynolds. 



i, Post-temporal ; 2, supraclavicle ; 3, cleithrum ; 4, coracoid ; 5, scapula ; 

 6, post-clavicle ; 7, brachial ossicles ; 8, dermal fin rays. 



Pin the animal on its back. Cut through the abdominal body- 

 wall to one side of middle line (note that skin adheres to 

 muscles) and through the pectoral girdle, and turn back. 

 Note : anterior abdominal vein on body-wall ; heart in 

 pericardium, aortic arches, inferior vena cava ; lungs ; liver 

 and gall bladder ; stomach, duodenum, ileum, rectum, 

 cloaca, bladder ; pancreas ; fat bodies in hinder part of body- 

 wall (Fig. 413). 



Cut through the liver on the left side of the animal. Turn the 

 viscera to left, and spread them out. Note : course of 

 alimentary canal; and principal blood vessels (Fig. 415); 



