58o 



APPENDIX 



7. Dissect up throat and trace trachea, gullet, jugulars. 



8. Break away the roof of the skull and observe dorsal view of 



brain. Remove it and observe ventral view. Note that 

 it resembles that of the frog in general features, but has 

 larger cerebral hemispheres and twelve nerves. 



9. In the skull of the common lizard the supratemporal fossa is 



bridged by bones. For this reason, and because of the small 

 size of the animal, it is convenient to study instead of its 

 skeleton that of some other and larger kind (e.g. Uromastix). 

 In the skull (Fig. 416) note the following bones : in the 



bl.~ 



FlG. 414. — The urinary and genital organs of a lizard (Lacerta). 



A, Male ; B, female. 



bl.. Bladder ; c/., cloaca ; ej>d., epididymis ; z.o.d., internal opening of the oviduct ; 

 int., ileum; k., kidney; od., oviduct; od'., external opening of oviduct; ov., 

 ovary; pn., penes; r.p., retractor muscles of the penes; rm., rectum; t., 

 testes; ug., urinogenital opening; ur., ureter; «/., opening of ureter; v.d. , 

 vas deferens. 



cranium, supraoccipital, exoccipitals, basioccipital ; parietal, 1 

 epipterygoids, basisphenoid ; frontal ; 1 parasphenoid ; at 

 the sides of the cranium, squamosals, supratemporals, 

 postfrontals, prefrontals, lacrymals ; in either auditory 

 capsule, prootic ; in nasal region, vomer l and nasals ; in 

 either upper jaw, premaxilla, 1 maxilla, jugal, palatine, 

 transpalatine, pterygoid, quadrate ; in either lower jaw, 

 dentary, Meckel's cartilage, angular, splenial, supra- 

 angular, coronoid. Examine also the other parts of the 

 skeleton. 



1 Two fused. 



