582 



APPENDIX 



3" 



openings ; vent ; wings and legs ; reptile-like scales on 

 latter (Figs. 287, 288). 

 Pluck the bird. In so doing note arrangement of feathers, 

 especially on wings (Figs. 287, 288, 292). 



b. Note parts of wing, alar membranes, bastard wing (Fig. 288). 



c. Examine the various kinds of feathers (Fig. 290). 



d. Note pterylae and apteria (Figs. 287, 288). 



4«. Skin the ventral surface of thorax, abdomen, and neck. Note 



.- pm. 



pro 



ceil. 



Fig. 416. — The skull of the lizard Uromastix. 

 A , Dorsal view ; B, ventral view. 



al.sp'., Cartilage representing alisphenoid ; b.oc, basioccipital ; k.sfi., basisphenoid ; 

 col. t columella auris ; epipt., epipterygoid ; ex.oc, exoccipital ; Jr. t ^ frontal ; 

 /«., jugal ; mx.y maxilla; «., nasal; nils'. , region from which cartilaginous 

 nasal capsule has been removed; oc, occipital condyle; or I: , orbit; /or., 

 parietal; /»/., palatine; fim., premaxilla ; prf., prefrontal; pro., prootic ; 

 pt. t pterygoid;/^, postfrontal ; y., quadrate; rs. f rostrum; s.oc, supra- 

 occipital ; s.t.f., supratemporal foramen ; sq., squamosal ; sut.. supratemporal 

 bone (very small) ; tpt., transpalatine ; v., vomer. 



on the underpart of the neck the crop. Separate the large 

 superficial muscle of the breast (pectoralis major) of one side 

 from the keel of the sternum and from the entire length of 

 the clavicle. Turn the muscle forwards, taking care not to 

 injure the blood vessels of the armpits. Observe close to 

 these vessels the axillary air sacs (branches of the inter- 

 clavicular). Note the deeper muscle of the breast (pectoralis 

 minor) still attached. Cut through its origin, turn it for- 

 wards and make out the insertion of both breast muscles 

 and their mode of action. Dissect away the pectoral muscles 

 of the other side in the same way ; open the abdomen and 



