ANIMAL AND PLANT INTELLIGENCE 



of a box only by her keeper taking her trunk in his 

 hand and guiding it through each movement, stage 

 by stage. She learned to pull the bolt on the seventh 

 trial, but could not learn the three movements of 

 drawing bolt, opening lid, and holding it open, till 

 the fortieth trial, on the third day. Sometimes she 

 tried to lift the lid before she drew the bolt, some- 

 times she pushed the bolt the wrong way. Another 

 elephant learned to draw the bolt on the fourth 

 trial. The otter learned to draw the bolt after see- 

 ing it drawn twelve times. Jack, the dog, learned 

 to do the trick in his pawing, blundering way after 

 many trials. A bolt furnished with a knob so that 

 it could not be drawn all the way out worried all 

 the animals a good deal. The dog had ninety les- 

 sons, and yet did not clearly understand the trick. 

 The monkeys and the chimpanzee learned the dif- 

 ferent tricks more readily than the other animals, 

 but there "appeared to be no essential difference 

 in capacity to learn between the dogs, the elephants, 

 the cats, and others." None of the animals seemed 

 to appreciate the point of the trick, the dependence 

 of one thing upon another, or the why of any par- 

 ticular movement. Poor things! their strenuous 

 intellectual efforts in drawing a bolt or working 

 a lever used to tire them very much. Sometimes, 

 under the tutelage of their trainers, they would 

 seem to show a gleam of real intelligence, as when 

 you fan a dull ember till it glows a little. The 

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