198 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



of bare integument, extending forwards from tlie " heels " ; * 

 no metatarsal glands ; tail moderate. 



Although smooth in front of the orbits, owing to the 

 absence of a depression in the lachrymal, the sliuU has a 

 pair of deep pits in the frontals, generally lachrymal vacuities, 

 the auditory bullae large and inflated, and normal premaxillse 

 and nasals. The crowns of the second pair of incisors ha^-e 

 expanded summits ; the upper molars are relatively narrow, 

 without an inner accessory column, except in the first of the 

 series. When large, the horns, which are strongly ridged, 

 except at the tips, are frequently directed backwards at the 

 base, and then curve upwards and forwards at the tips, but 

 they may have a sublyrate, sigmoid curvature. 



At the present day the group is restricted to Ethiopian 

 Africa, but during the Pliocene it existed in India and other 

 parts of Asia. 



Pocock t remarks that the members of this subfamily 

 differ markedly from the Neotragincc [and MadoquincB] " in 

 the structure of the feet, since they entirely lack the deep 

 and long interdigital cleft on the front of the pastern. . . 

 With the exception of the Indian genera of Tragdaphince, 

 the preorbital gland is absent in that group ; and in the 

 Cervicapriiice [= Eeduncmm] it is at most represented by 

 integumental thickening. In both groups, and in no other 

 subfamilies of Bovidcc, two pairs of inguinal pouches have 

 been recorded. More significant still is the fact that the 

 structure of the feet, whether pedal glands be present or 

 absent, is the same in the Cervicaprinm as in the Tragelaphinw. 

 Corroborating these characters are the presence of two pairs 

 of mamm£e and a moderate or large rhinarium [muffle], to 

 which may be added the invariable absence of horns in the 

 females of Cervicaprince and in [those of] most genera of 

 TragelaphinoB." 



The subfamily may be divided into the following genera : — 



A. Horns small and spike-like ; summit of muffle swollen, 

 glandular, and extending beyond posterior notch 

 of nostrils; no face- glands; foot-glands in both 

 pairs of limbs Pelea. 



* See page 172. 



t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1010, p. 917. 



