BREEDING AND SELECTION 31 
In mating extreme types, it is probably safer to use a 
roomy, growthy type of female, because such sows are gen- 
erally more prolific and better mothers than a very fine, com- 
pact type of sow. The roomy sow, mated with a compact type 
of boar, will generally prove more profitable than a fine sow 
mated with a coarse boar. The progeny will be similar in 
‘both cases, but are likely to be more numerous and better 
nourished from the roomy type of sow. In these matters, 
however, a man must work according to the material he has 
at hand, and he may find it necessary to cross in the opposite 
way from that recommended here. (See Fig. 9.) 
Grade Breeding.—A grade animal may be defined as one 
whose parents are not both pure-bred. One parent may be a 
pure-bred and the other not, or neither parent may be a pure 
“ crosses ” of pure blood 
bred. Generally speaking, the more 
an animal possesses, the better animal it is. There are grades 
which carry so many “crosses” of pure blood that they are 
essentially pure-breds in everything but name. For producing 
market hogs—that is, hogs for fattening purposes—a good 
grade sow may answer just as well as a pure-bred, provided 
she is mated with a good boar. A large proportion of market 
hogs are produced in this way. 
Pedigree and Heredity.—A good many people are ipalined. 
to look upon pedigree as something distinct from utility. Noth- 
ing could be further from the truth. The question is frequently 
asked, “Which is of greater importance, individuality or 
pedigree?”” The question does not admit of a definite answer, 
for neither is complete without the other; that is to say, the 
desirable breeding animal should possess individual merit as 
well as a good pedigree. 
The reason we value pedigree is because we believe in 
heredity. The pedigree tells us the names of the ancestors 
