VARIOUS GRAINS, MEALS, AND BY-PRODUCTS 173 
younger the pig the greater the value derived from feeding 
middlings. 
Wheat Bran.—Bran is too bulky and fibrous to constitute 
a large part of a pig’s ration, but is useful for mature animals, 
such as stock boars and breeding sows, or where it is desired 
to give bulk to a ration that is considered too heavy in char- 
acter. As a rule, however, middlings can be used to better 
advantage than bran for the purposes mentioned. 
Flour.—Various brands of low-grade flour are occasionally 
put upon the market. Low-grade flour has a higher feeding 
value than middlings, but is entirely unsuitable for feeding 
alone, owing to its pasty nature. The writer’s experience is 
that it will cause digestive derangement when fed alone, and 
must be diluted to a large extent with other feeds. Bulletin 
167 of the Virginia Experiment Station reports better results 
from soaking low-grade flour than from feeding it freshly 
mixed with water. 
Hominy Feed.—Purdue Expcviment Station reports three 
tests with hominy feed and shorts compared with corn meal 
and shorts. The meal was mixed in the proportion of two 
parts of hominy feed or corn to one part of shorts. “ Hominy 
feed or chop consists of bran coating, germ, and part of the 
starch portions of the corn kernel secured as a by-product in 
the manufacture of hominy.”” According to analyses made at 
Purdue, hominy feed contains about the same per cent of 
protein as corn, but a higher per cent of fat and a slightly 
lower per cent of carbohydrates. 
The average of three trials shows the following result. 
Hominy feed. Corn meal. 
Average daily gain per head.......... .759 pound 636 pound 
Meal consumed per 100 pounds gain.... 505 pounds 598 pounds 
