308 BUILDINGS, SANITATION, AND DISEASES 
it, aids materially in maintaining a proper sanitary condition. 
The manure pit is concreted, which enables the saving of all 
liquid excrements. 
“ The swinging gates close the pigs into their beds, facilitate 
the changing of pigs from pen to pen and allow the easy removal 
cf manure. 
‘The general plan can be used and the dimensions and ma- 
terials modified so as to meet the demands of circumstances. 
“ The question most often asked about this piggery is whether 
it is warm enough. This can be answered in the affirmative 
except for very cold winter weather. When a sheltered location 
cannot be chosen, sufficient protection can be furnished by some 
kind of movable or swinging frames to close the beds during ex- 
tremely cold nights. Another question often asked is whether 
the cement floor is conducive to the health and comfort of the 
pigs. The cement floor is satisfactory in this respect for a large 
part of the year, and, during winter, the feeding floor is the only 
part not covered heavily with bedding. 
“Provision is made in the plans of this piggery for outlets 
at the north ends of pens to vards for exercise. The yard is a 
valuable accessory to a building of this nature, and in choosing 
the site care should be exercised to allow space for vards.” 
PORTABLE PENS. 
The accompanying sketches (Figs. 76 and 77) show a very 
cheap and easily constructed pen suitable for winter quarters 
for breeding sows. The pen is sixteen feet long by eight feet 
wide. It is seven feet high in front and three and a half feet 
high at the rear. It is boarded with cheap lumber, but all 
cracks are securely battened. It should be practically wind and 
rain proof. The opening is at one corner, and the pen should 
be set with the opening towards the south. .\ door is not 
necessary. Plenty of bedding should be supplied and the pen 
should be banked up outside with fresh horse manure to a 
