">'2n SEALi:. 



Usually the area ol the large ])ond is much greater. The dikes of the 

 small ponds are low, often not 30 centimeters above the water level. 

 These smaller ponds are of aijout equal size, being usually rectangular 

 and each of about 200 square meters in area. The [lalaifitaan are formed 

 by throwing up dikes. The main dikes are large, especiall}- along the 

 banks of the so-called "liver'" or estero, where mangrove trees frequently 

 are planted for their protection. The water from the estuary is per- 

 mitted, when the tide is flowing, to enter one of the smaller ponds 

 through a sluice ipirinza) usually i/onstructed of masonry with two 

 oates, one of several slides of solid w(i(.)d for controlling the water and 

 the other of close bamboo palings to p]-i;vent the egress of the banijo--< 

 and the ingress of undesirable tenants such as carnivorous fishes and 

 crabs which burrow into the dikes and cause leakage. Snakes and birds 

 are also evils that have constantly to be guarded against. 



This small pond distriljutes the water supply to the others and is 

 used for capturing the marketable baiigos. It is usually separated from 

 the larger pond l>y a close paling of bamboo around the narrow opening 

 in the partition dike. Wlien it is desired to capture the fish in the 

 largest pond, the paling is removed and a strong current is caused 

 to flow from the smaller pond to the larger. The hatVjos iittracted b\" 

 the fresh water swim against the current and enter the smaller pond in 

 great numbers, where they are readily captured in a seine. This opera- 

 tion is often accomplished about midnight, so that the fish will lie 

 exposed in the ]\Ianila marlvcts in the best condition. 



The remaining two ponds, or subdivisions of the pond area incloseil 

 within the limits of the boundary dilccs, are connected with each other 

 and with the pond whicli feeds the water by single pipes made of the 

 hollow log of tlie lui/onf/ {Diosinjnis iiujrn L'ctz). Tliese tulies are 

 called paliihunlnnVjan. tlir Avater and fish lieing controlled at tliese 

 openings Ijy a solid wooden plug or a funnel of bamboo strips. The 

 water in these two small ponds is kept at a dc|itli of l)ut a few decimeters. 

 the ponds being used interchangeably for cultivating the food alga 

 (Ofilogo)iiiiiii) iind for (lcve]o)iing the l-aicaglriirnij. ( l'"io- ■>.) 



KOOI) OF THE BANflOS. 



If it is desireil to cul1i\ate the food alga (the large 2}ond is originally 

 stocked in the same way), the water is allowed to drain off and the 

 clay is exposed to the full ])i)\ver of the sun. The alga rapidly makes 

 its appearance and a little water is then permitted to cover the bottom. 

 This is gradually inci-easrd as the Oedogoninm develops. 



The Ocilngoniinii seems to thrive best upon a clean clay (kaolin). 

 If the liotlom is covered witli a deposit of dark mud and in old ponds 

 where a black, evil-smelling deposit has formed, it is sci'aped clean with 



