HUMAN POPULATION IN THE FUTURE. 497 



regulation? Largely also: perhaps most largely. Right 

 conduct is usually come short of more from defect o( 

 will than defect of knowledge. To the due co-ordination 

 of those complex actions which constitute human life in 

 its civilized form, there goes not ouly the pre-requisite 

 —recognition of the proper course ; but the further pre- 

 requisite — a due impulse to pursue that course. And on 

 calling to mind our daily failures to fulfil often-repeated 

 resolutions, we shall perceive that lack of the needful desire, 

 rather than lack of the needful insight, is the chief cause of 

 faulty action. A further endowment of those feelings which 

 civilization is developing in us — sentiments responding to 

 the requirements of the social state — emotive faculties that 

 find their gratifications in the duties devolving on us — must 

 be acquired before the crimes, excesses, diseases, improvi- 

 dences, dishonesties, and cruelties, that now so greatly 

 diminish the duration of life, can cease. 



Thus, looking at the several possibilities, and asking 

 what direction this further evolution, this more complete 

 uioving equilibrium, this better adjustment of inner to 

 outer relations, this more perfect co-ordination of actions, 

 is likely to take ; we conclude that it must take mainly the 

 direction of a higher intellectual and emotional develop- 

 ment. 



§ 373. This conclusion we shall find equally forced on us 

 if we inquire for the causes which are to bring about such 

 results. No more in the case of Man than in the case of any 

 other being, can we presume that evolution either has taken 

 place, or will hereafter take place, spontaneously. In the 

 past, at present, and in the future, all modifications, func- 

 tional and organic, have been, are, and must be immediately 

 or remotely consequent on surrounding conditions. What, 

 then, are those changes in the environment to which, by direct 

 or indirect equilibration, the human organism has been 

 adjusting itself, is adjusting itself now, and will continue to 



