APPENDIX A. 



SUBSTITUTION OF A:^AL FOR FOLIAR ORGANS IN PLANTS. 



1 APPEND here the evidences referred to in § 190. The most 

 numerous and striking I have met with among the Umbellifera;. 

 Monstrosities having the alleged implication, are frequent in the 

 common Cow-Parsnep— so frequent that they must be familiar to 

 botanists ; and wild Angelica supplies many over-developments of 

 like meaning. Omitting numerous cases of more or less significance, 

 I will limit myself to two. 



One of them is that of a terminal umbel, in which nine of the outer 

 umbellules are variously transformed — here a single flower being made 

 monstrous by the development of some of its members into buds ; 

 there several such malformed flowers being associated with rays that 

 bear imperfect umbellules ; and elsewhere, flowers being replaced by 



ambellules : some of which are perfect, and others imperfect only in 

 the shortness of the flower-stalks. The annexed Fig. 69, ropresent- 

 iig in a somewhat conventionalized way, a part of the dried spcci- 



05 



