BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS. 129 
PICIDA, — THz WoopPEckeErs. 
126. Picus villosus, Livy. — Hairy Woodpecker. Resi- 
dent ; but not common in winter, and rare in summer. I 
am confident that the specimens of this and the follow- 
ing species seen In winter do not come from the far north, 
or even from northern Maine and New Hampshire, for this 
reason. specimens shot in the sections above mentioned 
have the white terminal portion of the tail stained by the 
bark of the hemlock and other evergreen trees, upon which 
they climb in search of food, with an indelible, bright 
rufous or ochre color; this color is never seen on speci- 
mens taken here, even during severe winters. They must 
be resident individually by this infallible proof. 
127. Picus pubescens, Linn. — Downy Woodpecker. 
Resident. Abundant throughout the winter, not uncom- 
mon in summer. 
128. Picoides arcticus, Gray. — Black-backed Three- 
toed Woodpe.ker. exceedingly rare winter visitor. There 
are a male and female in the museum of the Peabody 
Academy of Science, at Salem, taken on November 21, 
1855, in Essex County, by 8. Jillson. 
129. Picoides hirsutus, Gray.— Banded Three-toed 
Woodpecker. Exceedingly rare winter visitor. Mr. Allen 
informs me that Mr. G. O. Welch took a pair in Lynn. 
130. Sphyrapicus varius, Barrp. — Vellow-helhed 
Toodpecker, Not. common during the migrations. Fre- 
quents. open woods. [ do not. think it breeds. 
131. Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Swain. — Red- 
headed Woodpecker. Exceedingly rare summer visitor, per- 
haps accidental. I have never seen it living. A male 
taken by 8. Jillson, in Essex County, in 1855. One seen 
by Mr. W. Brewster, in summer, at Waltham. 
132. Colaptes auratus, Swain. — Golden-winged Wood- 
6* I 
