4 FOREST RRGUI.ATION 



are glad to assist in prevention of fire. No real forest fire here in 

 fifty years ; probably not in a hundred. 



Division of the Forest: Working Section I. Spruce forest, 

 85% of entire forest. Method of silviculture: Clear cut and plant, 

 with 5 year transplants; ripe timber cut at age of 90-100 years; all 

 stands thinned about every 10 years. 



Working Section TL Beech forest 12% total: Shelterwood 

 method : rotation 120 years. 



Working Section III. Mi.xed hardwoods 2% of total on over- 

 flow land: Selection Method, cut over every 10-15 years. Alder 

 grows here to a height of 100 ft. 



Besides these three kinds of woods, there are a few small 

 patches of hardwood Coppice, mostly Alder and Ash on wet spots, 

 scattered through the forest, which also have their own plan. 



Land Division: The entire forest is divided into fields or Lots 

 (compartments) generally less than 40 acres in size and separated 

 by cleared lines, or by roads. These Lots are all marked with stone 

 monuments, and numbered. 



Cutting Series : All over the entire forest, the Lots are grouped 

 in twos or threes, and the lines around each of these groups is made 

 double width or about 30 ft., so that the trees along these lines 

 keep their limbs and form a solid protective border against wind, 

 and also become more windfirm than they are inside the stands. 

 These groups of two or three ( rarely one) lots thus make little 

 independent woods, separated from the surrounding woods, or their 

 neighbors, by wide lines, so that the timber on any one of these 

 tracts can be cut without endangering the surrounding forest. 

 These independent woods (Cutting Series), here in Spruce, are a 

 necessity, for without them the forest would suffer great loss from 

 windfall, if the older stands were opened up by accident or by 

 cutting of timber. 



Silviculture : The methods have been mentioned and the care 

 here is of the best. A nursery on the i>ropcrty supplies all plant 

 stock. Ever}- stand is thinned at least once every ten years. Every 

 acre of this forest is "man-raised," not one acre is original wild- 

 woods. 



Age Classes : Old. middle age and young timber occur here in 

 such perfect regularity that there is a crop of Spruce, of Beech and 



