OlijnC'J'S OP REGULATION 85 



supplies for thirty and more years. In the past, the plan of hancllin.q; 

 the forest consisted in directions for most economical exploitation. 

 To this has been added in la.st fifteen years, i)larvs for protection by 

 individual eftort and cooperative enterprise, and in a few cases 

 even plans for a systematic cutting of timber, at least foreshadowing 

 a Regulation of the Cut and also some form of silviculttire. The 

 policy or Object with this class of Properties is rapidly undergoing- 

 changes in direction of real forestry. 



3. Forests of Pulp and Paper Companies. Here large in- 

 vestment stimulates effort to prolong the supply of timber, and the 

 fact that smaller sizes can be used to good advantage and that a 

 variety of species (especially of conifers) is used, facilitates this 

 efifort. Nevertheless these people have preferred thus far to lag 

 behind ; opportunity is of the best and should be evident to anyone. 

 Here, intensive forestry, especially planting and clear cutting on 

 lands that will grow timber rapidly, is indicated. 



4. Miscellaneous Holdings of large tracts of forest such as 

 the game preserves and parks in the Adirondacks and the East and 

 .South, holdings of Water Companies, etc., etc. Here the forest is 

 secondary, it is kept for beauty, shelter of game, or for protection 

 of the purity of the water supply. Usualh- the object is to keep the 

 forest with as little expense as possible, and generally these tracts 

 are left, rather in the hands of a non-technical "Caretaker" than to 

 a competent forester. The matter of income and expense and assured 

 protection should decide these owners to prepare ^^'orking Plans and 

 to practice rather intensive forestry. 



5. Railway Companies in the United States have been and are 

 now among the largest owners of forest. Most of their large hold- 

 ings came to them as I^and Grants from L'nited States Government 

 to induce railway construction. A few of these companies have 

 begun to employ foresters, most of them prefer to sell their hold- 

 ings, usually to lumber companies. In many cases the holdings 

 consist of inferior lands, practically waste lands, as in Pennsylvania, 

 €tc., and of small bodies of lands held in connection with right of 

 way and about stations. These Companies then: 



a. Hold for market large bodies of \'irgin forest. Here, 

 efforts, if any, are limited to protection and to disposals of land and 

 timber, leasing of grazing lands, etc. 



