COPl'ICi; MlvTHOU 97 



cuts within ten \cars, and approach Clear Cutting; with a mixture 

 of natural and artificial reproduction. 



Then also any method may be employed on a large area, or a 

 small one; on areas in the shape of strips or circles, (groups, spots 

 and patches) scattered over the forest. Hut whether the area on 

 which we cut clear is a regular forty-acre tract, or a number of small, 

 sa\- three-acre tracts, scattered over a few forty acres, has nothing 

 to do with the method itself ; it is still Clear Cutting with natural 

 or artificial reproduction as the case may be. Unfortunately a great 

 deal of coining of names has been done in this connection so that 

 Mayr in his \\^aldbau enumerates sixty-four different methods of 

 treatment where in reality only about half a dozen methods exist 

 and receive slightly different application to suit particular condi- 

 tions. That the many names coined for real, or only supposed, 

 variations merely lead to confusion and not to clearness and better 

 understanding has already been demonstrated in the United States 

 as \vell as abroad. 



5. The Coppice Method. 



Cerman "Niederwald." 



Composition: Usually hardwoods, pure and mixed. Jn United 

 .States so far chiefly Oak and Chestnut; (Red Wood in California) 

 I.ocu.^t, Catalpa, etc. 



Age: Even aged. 



Rotation: 15-40 years. 



Cutting: Cut clear, with axe, and cut slanting stump and close 

 to the ground. 



Reproduction : From sprouts, at times may need a little help 

 1iy ])lanting. 



Result: Coppice woods, even age stands, generally small tim- 

 ber, cordwood and poles, even tie size : also tan bark. 



Advantage: Cheap logging, simple to handle; regular, little 

 subject to windfall, etc. Small capital, inexpensive. 



Disadvantage : Xeeds fair land ; mild climate ; can use only 

 hardwoods (except Redwood) ; raises only small stuff' not demanded 

 bv big market. Small income has resulted in gradual degeneration 

 of French coppice. 



