CIIOICK IN SlJ,VICUL'n;KF, lOI 



the Selection method or Standard Coppice will furnish good results 

 in all of our hardwoods. In Conifers cut clear by strips and replant 

 at once ; mix in few hardwoods to better the soil. Ordinary coppice 

 works well in hardwoods of the Kast and South but in the States 

 west of the AUeghanys tends to poor dried out scrubwoods, except 

 in moist situations. 



2. Spruce Forests of the Northeast. These are mountain 

 woods varying from pure Spruce to hardwoods with a mere sprink- 

 ling of Spruce. On lower slopes and in valleys, not farmed, (or 

 farmed formerly and now abandoned) a milder climate prodtices 

 forests of hardwood, Hemlock and White Pine. The sites vary from 

 good valley and bench lands and lower slopes with a fair depth of 

 soil, to steep and high slopes with thin rocky land. The climate is' 

 cold, winters long, snowy, frosts late, summers cool and short ; 

 precipitation ample, specially dry years ( fire danger) occur at inter- 

 vals of 10-20 years and have led to bad forest fires. In keeping 

 with cold climate, growth is generally slow (except on good valley 

 lands), small timber logged today is generally over 150 years old; 

 cut per acre generally less than 10 M. ft. ; size of timber rarely over 

 20" and over 100 ft. But the ample humidity of climate of this 

 region makes reproduction easy and assured : not onh- White Pine, 

 but also Spruce readily seed up abandoned pasture lands. On higher 

 mountains there is a scrubby forest, which should never be cleared, 

 but held as protective cover. Market along all railways, good, 

 ])roximity to P.oston and New York should make them of the best. 

 But so far transportation facilities have been deficient, railway 

 construction being costly, only Spruce and Pine could be logged and 

 driven down the various streams, while hardwoods in many places 

 have remained practically valueless. This is rapidly changing. Log- 

 ging is costly in keeping with small timber, light cut. and bad 

 topography. The Selection method is best suited to all upper slopes 

 and rough lands and should come often enough (every 15-20 years) 

 to take out timber in small quantities, and leave a fairly dense cover 

 on account of windfall. Spruce should be favored, but hardwoods 

 should not be entirely cut out for reason of soil and beauty. On 

 bench lands, etc., Clear Cutting and planting of White Pine (and 

 Norway Spruce?) has already proven a success. 



