CllOICn OF MJCTIIODS IO3 



witli artificial reproduction, and short Rotations, i'lenty of rain 

 makes natural seeding in open Slieltcrwood stands possible in Long- 

 leaf as well as Shortleaf and Loblolly, and clear cutting with seed- 

 ing from side will probably succeed better in Loblolly and Shortleaf 

 than with any other species and in an\- other region in the I'nited 

 States. 



Kiver bottoms and swamps should be developed agriculturally. 



5. Pinery of the Lake Region. A large district of level 

 countrv, with numerous drivable streams, excellent transportation 

 facilities by Great T^akes and many railways. Region covered with 

 glacial drift, soils dee]), generally sand, or loams and gravels. Nor- 

 way and AVhite Pine on sands (Jack Pine on the poorest). Hard- 

 woods and Hemlock on loams and better sands of Wisconsin and 

 eastward. Swamps and lakes scattered over entire region ; swamps 

 stocked with Tamarack, some Cedar and Spruce. Winters cold and 

 snowy, spring dry, growing season short, severe spring frosts ; 

 specially dry sea.sons every 8-15 years have led to great forest fires. 

 Growth and reproduction fair; an 18" White [""ine produced in 100 

 years : clear cut lands dry out, "brush up" and restock with difficulty ; 

 Hemlock does not reproduce at all under these conditions. Market 

 good now, $io-$20 on stump for Pine, growing better rapidly : log- 

 ging efficient and cheap. Market and Sites call for intensive 

 methods. Except in swamps and specially poor sands or rocky-thin- 

 soil lands Clear Cutting with artificial reproduction should restore 

 a truly v^aluable stand. In Hardwoods the Selection system may be 

 used as a starter, should take out the large and poor trees and leave 

 at least half the stand on the ground, (^n moist sites Shelterwood 

 is practical in Maple and Beech woods, but will not make the returns 

 which can be secured by a clear cut with artificial reproduction in 

 which Spruce and White Pine replace the greater part of the hard- 

 woods. Tamarack and Cedar in the swamps restock readily by 

 seeding from the side, but in larger Cedar stands a Selection method 

 is preferable as it prevents rank growth of swamp "brush."' Jack 

 l^ine with Clear Cutting and seeding from sides, in narrow strips 

 should he kept until these lands have recovered from the effects of 

 1/urning, and after that Norway Pine (also Scotch Pine) should 

 replace Jack Pine-. 



