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Slow growth, size and quality of timber, remote location, little 

 market, costly logging, difficulties of labor situation in such remote 

 districts, then also the importance of this Pinery as "protection 

 forest", all call for vSelection method, at lea=t in the beginning work. 

 Leave a forest. 



After this pinery is sufficiently develojjed as to L'tilization and 

 Protection, so that small bodies of timber may be removed econom- 

 ically, the Clear Cutting system may he employed, as better suited to 

 this decidedl)' intolerant species. So far Clear Cutting with seed 

 trees in various modifications has been employed. Of late this 

 method has been replaced, at least in part, by a Selection method 

 with more or less compromise to enable profitable utilization. 



.Artificial re-stocking of these lands is hindered especially by 

 rodents, and has not been found an easy matter. If it were not for 

 these animals, an old time sowing of cones should succeed on 

 Lodgepole burns. 



8. Hemlock and Balsam Forest on the West Slopes of the Cas- 

 cades, notably in \\'ashington. Large mountain .slopes, with fairly 

 deep coarse soils, heavy precipitation: deep snowfall; rema!k-il;k 

 snow melts leading to destructive floods. Good growth, ready 

 reproduction and tolerant species all combine to make these idea! 

 stands for valuable Selection forest. Danger from erosion alone 

 calls for a method which keeps a constant cover on these slopes. 

 Abundant waterpower and forest make a good combination ; and 

 pro.ximity to ocean will soon make market conditions such that. the 

 b.est care of the forest will be justified. 



9. Forest of Red Fir in Washingtoti and Oregon. Large 

 bodies of giant timber, "all old", often broken stands where Red 

 Fir. Hemlock, Spruce, Cedar and Balsam occur in all forms of 

 mixture as to species, age, and condition ; also large areas of young 

 st.uids from 10-100 years on former burns. Sites vary as to to])- 

 ography and soil, from level to the roughest, from deep soil to rnck 

 masses, but over the entire area a mild humid climate assures ra])id 

 growth and excellent reproduction. On good ground a growth 

 more than twice that observed in ^lichigan forests is nothing un- 

 common. The real home of Red Fir, which grows to great size 

 ( 200 it.) and age (400 years) and produces yields of over loo M. ft. 



