DISTUIIIL'TIOX OF CUT 121 



latioii of the cut is never more than a good approximation, and also 

 that it is never finished but needs revision from time to time in 

 order that regulation fit the changfed conditions of the forest due to 

 growth, cut and injury. 



7. Where Clear Cutting, or Sheltenvood s)'stems are used, and 

 also where, as in Western Yellow Pine and Lodge Pole, the Selec- 

 tion method and clear cutting are combined in various ways, in fact 

 wherever an area of land is cleared and the old stand replaced by a 

 yoimg, even aged (or approximately even aged) stand, there enters 

 a new factor in this matter of regulation : 



Order, Direction and Distribution of the Cut, ("Hiebsord- 

 nung, Hiebsfolge") determining Distribution of Age Classes, i. e., 

 Distribution of old and young stands in the forest. 



8. This proper distribution of stands of young stuff, middle 

 age and old timber is demanded by Silviculture and by Protection 

 and on large properties also by local market. To illustrate : Assume 

 a forest of 20,000 acres, one solid block of level lands, all Spruce, 

 Rotation eighty years. Also that it is possible to cut 250 acres each 

 year and replant. If this cutting were done in strips running north 

 and south, there would be a strip of 250 acres each year, and in 

 twenty years there would be a solid body of 5000 acres all covered 

 with young stands from 1-20 years old, most of them dense brush, 

 highly inflamable, and completely ruined if fire ever got in. Danger 

 from insects and fungi need not be mentioned. 



Again suppose an attempt were made to cut the stands from 

 West to East. A solid line, six miles long, of large timber would be 

 left without protection and, in case of Spruce, surely be thrown 

 by the wind, the mischief going right ahead of cutting, making miles 

 perhaps, during a specially bad season. Suppose this same area 

 were entirely cut over and cutting ready to begin along the East 

 line. If now it should happen that certain tracts in the middle of 

 this area were injured by fire, or insects and had to be cut at once, 

 such cutting would make a break in the cover and set the mischief 

 of wind fall going. But these accidents and many others must be 

 met in every property and during every rotation. 



Again in mountain country every valley has its own peculiari- 

 ties as to wind and storm, and these need to be considered, the aim 

 being always to "cut against the wind", and also to avoid having to 



