REGULATION OF CUT 1 33 



6. In practice the two Methods have often been combined, and 

 in Classification of these Methods three forms are usually spoken of : 



Regulation by Area, by Volume, and by Combination of Area 

 and Volume. To be exact, however. Regulation in these Combined 

 cases is a Regulation by Area with Volume as a check. In the above 

 case the forester may decide on cutting over about 200 acres and 

 also decide that he does not want to cut over 15,000 cords. If then 

 he cuts his 15,000 cords and only needs 180 acres to do so he violates 

 his area-regulation, and if it keeps up, he will also violate his rota- 

 tion. Nevertheless this volume check enables him to offer the 

 market equal quantities of material, and this advantage is sufficiently 

 great, so that this volume check is commonly applied abroad though 

 fundamentally an Area Regulation is maintained. 1 



7. Methods of Regulating the Cut in amount, by Area or by 

 ^'olume, all tend toward Regularity of Age classes, for it is only by 

 establishing this regularity of Age Classes that any method of 

 Regulation can hope to secure the benefits of properly regulated or 

 "normal" forest as set forth above. 



I3ut none of these methods in themselves attend to the second 

 great task of Regulation, mentioned before, Proper Distribution of 

 Age Classes, or stands of different age, in the forest. In the above 

 example, the forester may cut one piece of 200 acres after another, 

 so that at the end of twenty years he would have 4000 acres of young 

 stuff in a solid body, from the standpoint of protection a most un- 

 desirable condition, in Pine and similar timber. 



8. Ueing simply based on a known Area of land or an esti- 

 mated A'olume and a Rotation agreed upon, or some kind of com- 

 bination of these, the matter of Regulation of the Cut in Area or 

 Volume lends itself to mathematical treatment quite in the abstract. 

 For this reason a goodly number of such methods have been devised 

 and published, and new ones are still springing up almost every year, 

 in spite of the fact that only a very few ever really entered the 

 practice and that after a century of discussion and trial, greatest 

 authorities and greatest owners of forest, like the States of Germany 

 have practically all returned to one simple method, the Limited 

 Area Allotment, with a Volume check, the "Judeich's Method" of 



